3DFluorescence Spectroscopy and Its Applications

Abstract

This article focuses on 3D fluorescence spectroscopy. After defining its principle, we then look at the factors which influence the phenomenon of fluorescence. There follows a brief discussion of the principal chemometric techniques implemented to manipulate and exploit fluorescence data, which have different and specific properties. A new article will describe the main endogenous fluorophores found in certain food, biological and environmental matrices, as well as exogenous fluorophores. Frontal fluorescence has seen considerable development during the past 15 years in a wide variety of fields, which is why we shall also be focusing on its principal applications in terms of the objectives of different studies: classification, authentication, quality control or process monitoring indicators. Fluorescence data generate a spectral fingerprint that can characterise samples within a very large space of variability, such as that which is inherent in food samples. Fluorescence spectroscopy can thus be used in a broad range of applications involving biological samples, animal tissues or environmental samples. Most of these applications are still qualitative, although quantitative methods are available. It is generally acknowledged that 3D fluorescence fingerprinting is more suitable for recognition, classification or detection processes when there is a need to save time and achieve optimum sensitivity. With the recent development of big data and BI, frontal fluorescence spectroscopy will soon benefit from the considerable power of artificial intelligence technologies.

Application of Spectroscopic Techniques to Evaluate Heat Treatments in Milk and Dairy Products: an Overview of the Last Decade

“…Fluorescence spectroscopy is nowadays recognized as a powerful technique. It offers several advantages for the characterization of food products (e.g., authentication, evaluation of biochemical content) due to its sensitivity to molecular interactions, to chemical reactions, and to changes in the environment of molecules (Locquet et al, 2018;Loudiyi and Aït-Kaddour, 2018). Consequently, this method has been used to investigate changes in the structure of milk components and their interactions during heating Dufour, 2008, 2012;Loudiyi and Aït-Kaddour, 2018).…”

Handle Matrix Rank Deficiency, Noise, and Interferences in 3D Emission–Excitation Matrices: Effective Truncated Singular-Value Decomposition in Chemometrics Applied to the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

“…It then builds a detailed 3D map of the fluorescence properties of a mixture with the simultaneous detection of all of the fluorophores whose excitation and emission wavelengths are known or unknown. 3 , 4 …”

“… 9 PAHs have at least two aromatic rings, 10 which give them intrinsic fluorescence and which make them detectable in 3D fluorescence. 4 …”

“…Typically, it is used in many fields to detect and quantify, after chromatographic separation, a target fluorescent molecule whose excitation and emission wavelengths are known. , In the environmental context of establishing a diagnosis of fluorescent pollutants, it appears therefore to be a technique of choice for targeted characterization, but not only since three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy, without prior chromatographic separation, collects in a single fluorescence emission–excitation matrix (EEM) emission spectra at different excitation wavelengths. It then builds a detailed 3D map of the fluorescence properties of a mixture with the simultaneous detection of all of the fluorophores whose excitation and emission wavelengths are known or unknown. , …”

“…In Europe, they account for about 11 and 6% of encountered contaminants in solid (i.e., soil, mud, and sediments) and aqueous (i.e., surface water, groundwater, and leachates) matrices, respectively . PAHs have at least two aromatic rings, which give them intrinsic fluorescence and which make them detectable in 3D fluorescence …”