Scottish upland forests: History lessons for the future

Holl, Kate; Smith, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.04.042

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the study area, the most important indicators of former wood-pasture use were the large basal area (41.2 m 2 /ha) and high proportion of mainly pollarded, large trees (17 ±22.8 trees/ha), which also is typical of other former wood-pastures [47,60]. In Europe and North America, 10-20 large living trees per hectare can be found in a deciduous old-growth forest, while 0-9 large living trees/ha can be found in managed forest stands [61][62][63].…”

Section: Changing Woodland Usementioning

confidence: 96%

The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary

et al. 2015

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Characteristic features of European woodland include both a reduction in natural forest areas and an increase in former agricultural areas occupied by secondary woodland. The management of these areas is challenging in terms of nature conservation, agricultural and forestry management and policy. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the history and to document the current tree stand structure for a secondary oak-beech woodland in Hungary. Towards the end of the 1800s, this area which was once almost completely occupied by a continuous forest, had been transformed into a wood-pasture. As a result of its gradual abandonment, the closed forest stand of the pasture increased from 10 to 52% between 1963 and 2005. The most characteristic feature of this woodland is the abundance of large trees. Globally, the number of large and ancient trees is rapidly diminishing. Therefore preserving and maintaining such areas, where large trees could live, is an essential management task.

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Section: Changing Woodland Usementioning

confidence: 96%

The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary

et al. 2015

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“…Accordingly, in many forested ecosystems, conservation programmes focus on recreating natural disturbance regimes with the goal to maintain or restore wilderness, overlooking and downgrading historical cultural impact of humans (e.g. Holl and Smith 2007, Svensson 2009, Olwig 2016. Furthermore, they often wrongly interpret culturally impacted forests as untouched (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is biological cultural heritage and why should we care about it? An example from Swedish rural landscapes and forests

Eriksson¹

2018

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Citation: What is biological cultural heritage and why should we care about it? An example from Swedish rural landscapes and forests. Nature Conservation 28: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.28.25067 AbstractThere is currently a growing concern that biocultural heritage is threatened in many landscapes. This paper focuses on biological cultural heritage, broadly meaning biological cultural traces that are considered as heritage, but leaving out other aspects of the biocultural heritage concept. An operational definition of biological cultural heritage (BCH) is suggested, based on niche construction theory: "biological manifestations of culture, reflecting indirect or intentional effects, or domesticated landscapes, resulting from historical human niche construction". Some factors that influence recognition of BCH are discussed, using a comparison between Swedish open to semi-open vs. forested landscapes. While the former landscapes are generally associated with biological cultural values, BCH is generally over-looked in forests. Two main reasons for this are suggested: loss of cultural memory and a perception of forests as wilderness. A conclusion is that recognition of BCH is essential for guiding development of biological conservation programmes in forests, irrespective of whether the conservation goal is to focus on culturally impacted forests or to conserve what is considered as close to pristine forests. Furthermore, recognising BCH in forests will promote interest and learning of the history of forests and their values and will be informative for developing conservation programmes for all biota in forests, not only those that historically were favoured by culture. Hence, there is no inherent conflict between preserving relatively untouched forests and those with remaining traces of pre-industrial forest management. The recognition of BCH in forests will inspire and promote further integration of cultural and natural heritage research. Keywords REVIEW ARTICLE Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation A peer-reviewed open-access journalOve Eriksson / Nature Conservation 28: 1-32 (2018) 2

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“…Analysing the landscape described above using world-systems analysis encourages us to consider wider spatial and temporal scales. The vegetation of the Allt a'Mharcaidh catchment and surrounding area seen today is a direct result of over 2000 years of systematic and organised exploitation of natural resources by humans conducting farming and forestry activities (Holl and Smith, 2007). Prior to the Highland clearances the annual carrying capacity of the land was limited by the winter carrying capacity which resulted in long distance transhumance activity into the Cairngorms from the Morayshire plains with cattle moved to the summer hill pastures (shielings) since at least the 11th century.…”

Section: World-systems Theory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The population of the Cairngorm mountain range was dramatically reduced when major changes in the economy of the region resulted in the creation of extensive sheep farms and the enclosure of large tracts of hill land for hunting sports, in essence the region was semi-peripheral at this time in world-systems theory terms ( Figure 5). These factors, together with a series of poor harvests, bouts of disease and famine, caused many thousands of people to abandon their farms between 1770 and the late 1800s because the provisioning services of the landscape were no longer sufficient (Holl and Smith, 2007). It is the realisation of this previous influence of humans on the landscape which goes some way to explain the current range of ecosystem services delivered by the landscape.…”

Section: World-systems Theory Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem services and associated concepts

2011

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In this paper, we explore the practicality and limitations of the ecosystem services concept. The enthusiasm for the analytical investigation of services delivered by ecosystems is driven by the realisation that local, national and international policies are not protecting ecosystems and the full range of services they deliver to humans. We briefly review the history of the term and consider a range of analytical frameworks proposed to study ecosystem services. The problem of understanding ecosystems across varying spatial and temporal scales is a recurring theme and we argue that systems analysis such as world-systems and panarchy analysis is useful in this context. Translating any one of these frameworks to an operational definition presents some challenges, which are briefly discussed in terms of measurement and quantification.

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Scottish upland forests: History lessons for the future

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary

The history and natural regeneration of a secondary oak-beech woodland on a former wood-pasture in Hungary

What is biological cultural heritage and why should we care about it? An example from Swedish rural landscapes and forests

Ecosystem services and associated concepts

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