Scottish Carboniferous fresh-water limestones in their regional setting

Whyte, M. A.

doi:10.1017/s0263593300006052

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The Carboniferous strata are divided into the Inverclyde (Tournasian) and Strathclyde (Viséan) Groups (Whyte, 1993 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 6 climate and collectively referred to as Lake Cadell (Greensmith, 1968) (Fig. 2B).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A depositional model for spherulitic carbonates associated with alkaline, volcanic lakes

Mercedes‐Martín

Brasier

Rogerson

et al. 2017

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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The South Atlantic Aptian 'Pre-salt' reservoirs are formed by a combination of spherulitic carbonates and Mg-rich clays accumulated in volcanic alkaline lake settings with exotic chemistries. So far, outcrop analogues characterised by metre-thick successions deposited in lacustrine scenarios are elusive so disentangling the genesis of spherulitic carbonates represents a major scientific challenge with business impact. In particular the controls on spatial distribution and the environment of spherulitic facies formation remain poorly constrained, little studied, and hotly debated. To shed light on this conundrum, a spherulitic carbonate-rich, alkaline volcanic lacustrine succession has been analysed at outcrop scale: the Carboniferous East Kirkton Limestone (Scotland). Despite clays being very scarce and limited to layers of amorphous Mg-Si minerals, a diverse array of components were formed, including coated grains, crusts, and build-ups with spherulitic calcitic morphologies. This setting enables the mechanisms of spherulitic calcite development and the patterns of sediment accumulation to be explored in a geobiological and hydrochemical scenario similar to the 'Pre-Salt' subsurface occurrences but divorced from clay influence. The integration of logs, borehole data, outcrop photomosaics and petrographic observations collectively allowed the reconstruction of a depositional model for the East Kirkton lacustrine succession. In this model, calcite spherule nucleation took place at the sediment-water interface in the littoral zone, driven by the co-occurrence of 1) high alkalinity, 2) CaMg rich hydrochemistry, and 3) microbial-derived colloidal exopolymeric substances. These environmental conditions permitted the coeval development of spherulitic cementstone build-ups and spherulitic grainstone-packstone within the wave-agitated zone, and the accumulation of floatstones and laminites of spherulitic grains in deeper lake regions by means of downslope reworking. This model is consistent with the previously documented microbial bloom occurrences and highlights the need to better understand the complex 'microbe-solution' interactions before any reliable facies model is envisaged. Dear Nereo Preto,We thank the Editorial effort and the detailed and constructive review work which can make our submission JMPG-D-17-00060 ("A depositional model for spherulitic carbonates associated with alkaline, volcanic lakes") a relevant contribution for the field.We have addressed all the suggestions, concerns and comments of the reviewers in particular we have highlighted those comparative aspects with the Presalt occurrences, we have amended some terminological issues and we have added some paragraphs in regards of diagenetic aspects relevant for the goal of our work.Thus we hope you find this new version suitable for publication in MPG journal. A detailed rebuttal letter in a point by point fashion is also enclosed.If you would like further changes, please do let us know. Reviewer 1: Overall comments Comment 1 -I think the ...

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Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A depositional model for spherulitic carbonates associated with alkaline, volcanic lakes

Mercedes‐Martín

Brasier

Rogerson

et al. 2017

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…The size of the clavicle in the lag deposit suggests that this rhizodont was relatively large. Rhizodonts are perhaps most common in freshwater lacustrine and riverine facies, however, some have also been reported in tidal, possibly brackish (Tibert and Scott ; Whyte ; Schultze & Bolt ) and shallow marine facies (Janvier et al . ).…”

Section: Upper Mississippian Faciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Mississippian vertebrate palaeoecology and taphonomy, Buffalo Wallow Formation, western Kentucky, USA

Greb

Storrs

Garcia

et al. 2016

LET

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Aquatic vertebrates are reported from several facies of the Late Mississippian (Chesterian/Elviran/Serpukhovian) Buffalo Wallow Formation in western Kentucky, USA. Rhizodont bones and the partially articulated skeleton of a large anthracosaur (proterogyrinid) were found in rocks interpreted as a fluvial‐estuarine palaeochannel. Smaller, disarticulated tetrapod remains (anthracosaurs, whatcheeriids) were found in a weathered siltstone in an apparent channel margin‐sand flat facies. A putative oxbow‐abandoned channel facies contains skeletal elements of rhizodonts (cf. Rhizodus), colosteiids, Gyracanthus, Ageleodus, Cynopodius, xenacanthoids and palaeonisiciforms. Near the top of the channel fill, lungfish (cf. Tranodis) are found in carbonate‐rich nodules, which appear to be aestivation burrows. A presumed lacustrine facies contained a near‐complete colosteid. Thinning section, palaeosols, pedogenically‐altered carbonates and missing strata suggest tectonic and climatic overprints upon these depositional sequences. Multiple, incised channels in a low‐accommodation setting are interpreted to have provided local faunal traps for aquatic vertebrates. Late Mississippian palaeoclimate changes may have caused water table fluctuations, which might have aided in trapping and preserving aquatic vertebrates.

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“…Earlier work on the stratigraphic position of the Inchkeith sequences correlated the Kinghorn Harbour and Leith Harbour microbial limestones either just below the BHL (Howell & Geikie 1861) or at about the horizon of the BHL (Howell & Geikie 1861;Davies 1936;Anderson 1950;Loftus 1985;Loftus & Greensmith 1988;Whyte 1994). This appears to be based on the appearance of several white-weathering, micritic limestone beds at the top of the sequence, which are ostracode and spirorbid rich, superficially similar to the BHL in other parts of the region.…”

Section: Island Of Inchkeith (Firth Of Forth) ([Nt 293 832] Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At times, freshwater limestones and dolostones formed, some of which contain desiccation cracks and intraclastic breccias indicating emergence. Reviews of the general environment of deposition have been given by Greensmith (1966Greensmith ( , 1968, Maddox & Andrews (1987), Loftus & Greensmith (1988), Parnell (1988), Upton (1994), Whyte (1994) and Follows & Tyson (1998). Regionally persistent marker horizons are rare, restricted to thin marine bands and the freshwater Burdiehouse Limestone (BHL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental significance of microbial carbonates in the Asbian Sandy Craig Formation of Fife

Guirdham

Andrews

Browne

et al. 2003

SJG

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This study concentrates on Viséan Strathclyde Group microbial carbonates from the eastern Midland Valley of Scotland. In the largely non-marine Sandy Craig and West Lothian Oil-Shale formations persistent lithostratigraphical marker horizons, such as distinct microbial carbonates, are used to aid correlation of sequences where conventional biostratigraphy is limited to the identification of infrequent marine bands. In the newly described Rosyth core, microbial carbonates above the Burdiehouse Limestone are correlated with microbial horizons at Kingswood (Fife) and Inchkeith (Firth of Forth), a correlation supported by the presence of the bivalve Curvirimula scotica. The revised position of the Inchkeith microbial horizon to 20–30 m above the Burdiehouse Limestone contradicts earlier correlations of the Inchkeith sequences with the Burdiehouse Limestone. The microbial carbonates represent littoral and sublittoral zone stromatolites growing i

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Scottish Carboniferous fresh-water limestones in their regional setting

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

A depositional model for spherulitic carbonates associated with alkaline, volcanic lakes

A depositional model for spherulitic carbonates associated with alkaline, volcanic lakes

Late Mississippian vertebrate palaeoecology and taphonomy, Buffalo Wallow Formation, western Kentucky, USA

Stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental significance of microbial carbonates in the Asbian Sandy Craig Formation of Fife

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