Scotopic Foveal Afterimages

Hubel, David H.; Howe, Piers D. L.; Duffy, Amanda; Hernández, Adriana

doi:10.1068/p6103

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Before the baseline scans, subjects dark-adapted for 35–40 min, and all subjects reported being unable to perceive the stimuli for rings within the central 3° of visual angle. Under scotopic conditions, the cortical regions representing the central 3° of visual angle receive little-to-no stimulation, as this luminance level is too low to activate the cone-only fovea ( Hadjikhani and Tootell, 2000 ; Baseler et al, 2002 ; Dougherty et al, 2003 ; Duffy and Hubel, 2007 ; Hubel et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Field Map Clusters in High-Order Visual Processing: Organization of V3A/V3B and a New Cloverleaf Cluster in the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Barton

Brewer

2017

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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The cortical hierarchy of the human visual system has been shown to be organized around retinal spatial coordinates throughout much of low- and mid-level visual processing. These regions contain visual field maps (VFMs) that each follows the organization of the retina, with neighboring aspects of the visual field processed in neighboring cortical locations. On a larger, macrostructural scale, groups of such sensory cortical field maps (CFMs) in both the visual and auditory systems are organized into roughly circular cloverleaf clusters. CFMs within clusters tend to share properties such as receptive field distribution, cortical magnification, and processing specialization. Here we use fMRI and population receptive field (pRF) modeling to investigate the extent of VFM and cluster organization with an examination of higher-level visual processing in temporal cortex and compare these measurements to mid-level visual processing in dorsal occipital cortex. In human temporal cortex, the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) has been implicated in various neuroimaging studies as subserving higher-order vision, including face processing, biological motion perception, and multimodal audiovisual integration. In human dorsal occipital cortex, the transverse occipital sulcus (TOS) contains the V3A/B cluster, which comprises two VFMs subserving mid-level motion perception and visuospatial attention. For the first time, we present the organization of VFMs in pSTS in a cloverleaf cluster. This pSTS cluster contains four VFMs bilaterally: pSTS-1:4. We characterize these pSTS VFMs as relatively small at ∼125 mm2 with relatively large pRF sizes of ∼2–8° of visual angle across the central 10° of the visual field. V3A and V3B are ∼230 mm2 in surface area, with pRF sizes here similarly ∼1–8° of visual angle across the same region. In addition, cortical magnification measurements show that a larger extent of the pSTS VFM surface areas are devoted to the peripheral visual field than those in the V3A/B cluster. Reliability measurements of VFMs in pSTS and V3A/B reveal that these cloverleaf clusters are remarkably consistent and functionally differentiable. Our findings add to the growing number of measurements of widespread sensory CFMs organized into cloverleaf clusters, indicating that CFMs and cloverleaf clusters may both be fundamental organizing principles in cortical sensory processing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Field Map Clusters in High-Order Visual Processing: Organization of V3A/V3B and a New Cloverleaf Cluster in the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Barton

Brewer

2017

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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“…3AB). Recent research indicates that the rod scotoma in normal adults does not fill-in lines or patterns or color, as rods alone do not give rise to color [97], but does fill-in diffusely lit surfaces [98]. The differences in filling-in properties of the rod scotoma from those of the blind spot likely are due to the differences in their cortical receptive field sizes (small vs. large), their ocularity (binocular vs. monocular), their retinal locations (central vs. peripheral), and their physical exposures (infrequent vs. constant).…”

Section: Rod Monochromatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Plasticity: FMRI Investigations into Human Visual Cortex

Brewer¹,

Barton²

2014

Advanced Brain Neuroimaging Topics in Health and Disease - Methods and Applications

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“…As these conditions are mostly of interest to us, we will concentrate on cones. Nonetheless, one should point out that the perception of afterimages is different between photopic and scotopic conditions [Ade82,HHDH09], but the kinetics can be similarly described.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Computational Model of Afterimages

Ritschel

Eisemann

2012

Computer Graphics Forum

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Afterimages are optical illusions, particularly well perceived when fixating an image for an extended period of time and then looking at a neutral background, where an inverted copy of the original stimulus appears. The full mechanism that produces the perceived specific colors and shapes is complex and not entirely understood, but most of the important attributes can be well explained by bleaching of retinal photoreceptors (retinal kinetics

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Scotopic Foveal Afterimages

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Visual Field Map Clusters in High-Order Visual Processing: Organization of V3A/V3B and a New Cloverleaf Cluster in the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Visual Field Map Clusters in High-Order Visual Processing: Organization of V3A/V3B and a New Cloverleaf Cluster in the Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

Developmental Plasticity: FMRI Investigations into Human Visual Cortex

A Computational Model of Afterimages

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