Scoring sleep using respiration and movement-based features

Kloefkorn, Heidi E.; Aiani, Lauren M.; Hochman, Shawn; Pedersen, Nigel P.

doi:10.1016/j.mex.2022.101682

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…These representative spectrograms of animals on control diet, ID diet, or after return from the ID diet (ID-R) were obtained on the second day of recordings for each animal. Color intensity (dark to blue) denotes the power of respective frequencies present in the continuously recorded voltage trace from the EF sensors over a period of 4 h. During the first ~30 min of the first hour, EF recordings from all 3 animals display a wide range of frequencies, but only the animals on control and ID-R diet also displayed phases of reduced activity and sleep (S) during the first hour, during which the breathing-associated frequency band of ~4–5 Hz ( 50 , 51 ) can be detected against the background (arrows). Sleep/resting phases are interrupted by very short bouts of leg movements (less than 1 s in duration) or slightly longer phases of that were associated with grooming or re-adjustments of the animal in its nest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of iron-deficient diet on sleep onset and spinal reflexes in a rodent model of Restless Legs Syndrome

Woods,

Basco,

Clemens

2023

Front. Neurol.

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Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor and a sleep disorder that affects 2.5–10% of the European and North American populations. RLS is also often associated with periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS). Despite ample evidence of genetic contributions, the underlying mechanisms that elicit the sensory and motor symptoms remain unidentified. Clinically, RLS has been correlated with an altered central iron metabolism, particularly in the brain. While several animal models have been developed to determine the outcome of an altered iron homeostasis on brain function, the potential role of an altered iron homeostasis on sleep and sensorimotor circuits has not yet been investigated. Here, we utilize a mouse model to assess the effects of an iron-deficient (ID) but non-anemic state on sleep time and episodes, and sensorimotor reflexes in male and female mice. We found that animals on the ID diet displayed an increased expression of the transferrin receptor in the spinal cord, confirming the results of previous studies that focused only on the impact of ID in the brain. We also demonstrate that the ID diet reduced hematocrit levels compared to controls but not into the anemic range, and that animals on the ID diet exhibited RLS-like symptoms with regard to sleep onset and spinal cord reflex excitability. Interestingly, the effects on the spinal cord were stronger in females than in males, and the ID diet-induced behaviors were rescued by the return of the animals to the control diet. Taken together, these results demonstrate that diet-induced ID changes to CNS function are both inducible and reversible, and that they mimic the sleep and sensorimotor RLS symptoms experienced in the clinic. We therefore propose replacing the commonly used phrase “brain iron deficiency” (BID) hypothesis in the RLS research field with the term “iron deficiency in the central nervous system” (ID-CNS), to include possible effects of altered iron levels on spinal cord function.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%