Scopulate hairs in male Liphistius spiders: probable contact chemoreceptors

Foelix, Rainer F.; Erb, Bruno; Michalik, Peter

doi:10.1636/b10-42.1

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar setae to those we found composing the pseudoscopula were reported to Liphistius and Idiops pylorus by Foelix et al (2010). The presence of pseudoscopula in Liphistidae and widespread in several families here studied suggests could be an ancestral condition in Mygalomorphae.…”

Section: Phylogeny Of Adhesive Scopula Claw Tufts and Pseudoscopulasupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Since they lack microtrichia we interpret them as non adhesive. Similar non adhesive setae were reported by Foelix et al (2010) for male Idiops pylorus Schwendinger 1991 and Foelix and Chu-Wang (1975), Barth (1970Barth ( , 2001) and Ramírez (2014) for araneomorphs; and interpreted that they should have chemosensory functions. In the araneomorphs they are placed on dorsal side of palpal tarsus (Ramírez 2014) and seem not to be homologous with those of mygalomorphs.…”

Section: Non Adhesive Setae and Pseudoscopulasupporting

confidence: 77%

“…6a,c,7a,c,d). Table 2 Comparison between the setae found in Mygalmorphae with the nomenclature used by Rovner (1978), Foelix et al (2010), Wolff and Gorb (2012a) and Lapinski et al (2015) Mygalomorphae (…”

Section: Lance-shaped Setaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a factor that makes us propose an additional function for these setae: in some groups (e.g. Actinopodidae) setae show an important anterior-posterior gradation and furthermore, they could be extremely numerous (Foelix et al 2010 counted 1750 in a tarsus IV of Liphistius). This fact suggests the propulsion as an additional function for these setae.…”

Section: Non Adhesive Setae and Pseudoscopulamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and evolution of scopula, pseudoscopula and claw tufts in Mygalomorphae (Araneae)

et al. 2017

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We studied the morphology of scopula, claw tufts and a scopula-like feature (pseudoscopula) of tarsi on representatives of all Mygalomorphae spider families. The pseudoscopula is constituted by groups of non-microtriched conical setae. The taxonomic distribution of all these features was studied and mapped on a recent phylogeny of Mygalomorphae and the association of them with the lifestyles of the spiders was analyzed. Adhesive setae, as well as some other setal types found on ventral tarsi are described and characterized. The adhesive face of setae varied in the orientation in different parts of the tarsi, and this variation is more conspicuous in the spiders which only have claw tufts or scopula. We found an association of adhesive scopulae and claw tufts with burrower/cursorial or thin wafer lid trapdoor mygalomorphs as suggested for free hunter spiders, but we found that the pseudoscopula is associated with males of some trap-door and some weavers mygalomorphs. The presence of pseudoscopula widely extended among Mygalomorphae seems to be ancestral for the infraorder. The setal morphology of pseudoscopula suggests chemosensorial function; sparse chemosensory setae were also found in almost all Mygalomorphae. The morphology, functions and evolution of scopula, claw tufts and pseudoscopula are discussed.

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Section: Phylogeny Of Adhesive Scopula Claw Tufts and Pseudoscopulasupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Non Adhesive Setae and Pseudoscopulasupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Lance-shaped Setaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non Adhesive Setae and Pseudoscopulamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and evolution of scopula, pseudoscopula and claw tufts in Mygalomorphae (Araneae)

et al. 2017

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“…These authors also described the "ribbed hairs", i.e., setae, which according to them bear a strong resemblance to the spigots through which silk is emitted onto the surface of spinnerets. However, these findings were called into question by behavioural experiments (Perez-Miles, Panzera, Ortiz-Villatoro, and Perdomo, 2009) as well as morphological and histological studies of the feet of tarantulas (Foelix, Rast, and Peattie, 2012;Foelix, Erb, and Rast, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Claw tuft setae of tarantulas (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) and the production of fibrous materials. Do tarantulas eject silk from their feet?

Hajer

Řeháková

2019

BioComm

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The study focused on the specialised tarsal setae of tarantulas Avicularia metallica and Heteroscodra maculata, and the fibrous and non-fibrous material produced by them. When irritated spiders moved along smooth, perpendicularly-oriented glass walls not covered in silk, the claw tuft setae, located at the tips of the tarsal segments, left behind footprints containing two types of fibrous material. Using electron scanning microscopy, it was discovered that these represent fragments of parallelly oriented bundles of hollow fibres forming the shafts of the setae and their lateral branches (1), as well as clusters of contracted nanofibrils which aggregated at the ends of these fibres (2). During climbing, this fibrous material was detected both on the substratum on which the spiders were moving, and also on their claw tuft setae. The climbing activity of irritated tarantulas is also associated with the secretion of a fluid which dries on contact with air. This secretion acts as an adhesive and facilitates the movement of tarantulas on smooth surfaces, but while doing so it also glues together the distal, lamellar parts of the groups of setae which are in contact with the substratum during climbing. There are no such claw tuft setae morphological changes observed in undisturbed tarantulas, moving freely around their tube-like shelters and on the surfaces of objects covered with silk which they have produced. The sources of the air-drying secretion are probably the tubular fibres forming the shafts of pretarsal setae. The bundles of hollow fibres are an example of a system that produces secretions via a surficial pathway. The spinnerets and silk-producing glands associated with them, located in the opisthosoma, represent a system that produces silk via a systemic pathway. However, the results of observational studies have not confirmed the ability of tarantulas’ feet to produce silk fibres of the same, or at least similar ultrastructure to that of the silk fibres produced by the activity of spinnerets and spinneret-associated silk glands.

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The central nervous system of whip spiders (Amblypygi): Large mushroom bodies receive olfactory and visual input

Sinakevitch

Long

Gronenberg

2020

J of Comparative Neurology

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Whip spiders (Amblypygi) are known for their nocturnal navigational abilities, which rely on chemosensory and tactile cues and, to a lesser degree, on vision. Unlike true spiders, the first pair of legs in whip spiders is modified into extraordinarily long sensory organs (antenniform legs) covered with thousands of mechanosensory, olfactory, and gustatory sensilla. Olfactory neurons send their axons through the leg nerve into the corresponding neuromere of the central nervous system, where they terminate on a particularly large number (about 460) of primary olfactory glomeruli, suggesting an advanced sense of smell. From the primary glomeruli, olfactory projection neurons ascend to the brain and terminate in the mushroom body calyx on a set of secondary olfactory glomeruli, a feature that is not known from olfactory pathways of other animals. Another part of the calyx receives visual input from the secondary visual neuropil (the medulla). This calyx region is composed of much smaller glomeruli ("microglomeruli"). The bimodal input and the exceptional size of their mushroom bodies may support the navigational capabilities of whip spiders. In addition to input to the mushroom body, we describe other general anatomical features of the whip spiders' central nervous system.

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Scopulate hairs in male Liphistius spiders: probable contact chemoreceptors

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Morphology and evolution of scopula, pseudoscopula and claw tufts in Mygalomorphae (Araneae)

Morphology and evolution of scopula, pseudoscopula and claw tufts in Mygalomorphae (Araneae)

Claw tuft setae of tarantulas (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) and the production of fibrous materials. Do tarantulas eject silk from their feet?

The central nervous system of whip spiders (Amblypygi): Large mushroom bodies receive olfactory and visual input

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