Scope of X-Chromosomal MiniSTRs: Current Developments

Israr, Muhammad

doi:10.4172/2157-7145.1000241

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Stable haplotypes of closely related X-chromosome markers have shown to be useful for kinship analysis with respect to X-STRs, particularly when examining father-daughter relationships. In cases of paternity involving close blood relatives as alternative presumed fathers and in cases of paternity deficiency, where the DNA sample of the presumed father was not available and the DNA of the paternal relative should instead be analyzed, they also have an advantage over autosomal STRs [26]. The ability of autosomal STRs to rule out alternative putative dads who are close blood relations is greatly diminished in certain paternity scenarios, and X STRs may even be more powerful than autosomal (AS) markers.…”

Section: Genetic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Applications of Markers Present on the X Chromosome

Husam Al-Tabra,

Abdul Lateef Mahdi,

Mahdi Al-Zubaidi

et al. 2024

ANJS

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The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes found in humans and other mammals. It plays a crucial role in determining an individual's sex and contains genetic information that can be useful in forensic and human identity testing. Unlike autosomal DNA, which is inherited from both parents, the X chromosome is inherited differently in males and females, making it useful in certain types of analyses. In forensic investigations, the X chromosome can be used to determine the sex of an individual, which can be useful in identifying potential suspects or victims. Additionally, X chromosome analysis can be used to link evidence samples to a particular individual or to exclude individuals as potential contributors of the evidence. This can be particularly useful in cases where the evidence sample is a mixture of DNA from multiple individuals. In human identity testing, the X chromosome can be used in situations where other types of DNA analysis are not possible or inconclusive. For example, in cases where a potential parent is unavailable for testing, analysis of the X chromosome can be used to determine if a child is likely to be their biological offspring. Similarly, in cases where traditional autosomal DNA analysis is inconclusive, X chromosome analysis can be used to provide additional information about the biological relationship between individuals. However, there are some limitations to the use of X chromosome analysis in forensic and human identity testing. One limitation is that it is not as informative as autosomal DNA analysis, as it contains less genetic information. Additionally, the inheritance patterns of the X chromosome can be complex, particularly in cases where there are multiple generations involved. Therefore, X chromosome analysis should be interpreted in conjunction with other types of DNA analysis and other forms of evidence to ensure accurate and reliable results. Overall, the use of X chromosome analysis in forensic and human identity testing can provide important information in certain situations, particularly where traditional DNA analysis is not possible or inconclusive. As such, it is an important tool in the fields of forensic science and human identification.

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Section: Genetic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Applications of Markers Present on the X Chromosome

Husam Al-Tabra,

Abdul Lateef Mahdi,

Mahdi Al-Zubaidi

et al. 2024

ANJS

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Besides, female sex markers can be applied in forensic casework for analysis of contaminated specimens containing both male and female DNA in rape cases, and can also benefit body identification from scenes of mass disaster. 6,7 According to Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), the paternity relationship analysis, when the X chromosome is examined, is based on comparison of alleles in all tested X-STRs between two people. When all tested X-STRs have an allele in common at each locus, it concluded that two individuals are likely to have a blood relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of 12 X-short tandem repeats loci in a northern Thai population

Khacha-ananda

Mahawong

2020

Med Sci Law

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Short tandem repeats (STRs) are widely used as DNA markers in paternity testing and criminal investigations because of their high genetic polymorphism among individuals in population. However, many factors influence genetic variations of STRs. Therefore, understanding STR information within individual populations could provide database and scientifically reliable STR genotyping for forensic genetic purposes. We aimed to examine allele frequencies of X-STRs, including some forensic parameters, in a northern Thai population. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted by collecting X-STR data from unrelated individuals living in a northern region of Thailand. The allele frequency and forensic parameters – for example polymorphism information content (PIC), power of discrimination in females and males (PDf and PDm), mean exclusion chance (MEC) and haplotype frequency – were calculated. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was analysed. A total of 132 alleles were observed, with corresponding allele frequency ranging from 0.0064 to 0.4904. The PIC of all loci was >0.6, representing high genetic polymorphism, except DXS8378 and DXS7423. Notably, DXS10135 was the most diverse loci with the highest PD and MEC, while DXS7423 was the least polymorphic marker with the lowest PD and MEC. The highest haplotype diversity in male data was on linkage group III (DXS10101-DXS10103-HPRTB) by 0.9895. The genetic distance analysis demonstrated that the northern Thai population had a close relationship with Taiwanese (DA = 0.023). There are no significant deviations among the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium except DXS10148. This study has established a northern Thai X-STRs reference database to be used as a tool for forensic genetic purposes.

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