Scope of Algae as Third Generation Biofuels

A set of experiments was conducted to provide significant insights of micro-algal consortia regarding chromium adsorption. Four monocultures; Scenedesmus dimorphus, Chlorella sp., Oscillatoria sp., and Lyngbya sp., and their synthetic consortia were evaluated initially for chromium bio-adsorption at four different regimes of hexavalent chromium i.e. 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 ppm. Based on findings, only 1.0 and 5.0 ppm were considered for future experiments. Consequently, three different types of monoculture and consortia cells namely; live cells, heatkilled cells, and pre-treated cells were prepared to enhance their adsorption potential. Maximal adsorption of 112% was obtained at the dose of 1.0 ppm with 0.1% SDS pretreated consortia cells over live consortia cells. In support, atomic absorption spectroscopy, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to assess the structural and functional changes within consortia and their utilization in mitigation of elevated chromium levels.Keywords Micro-algal consortia Á Pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence (PAM) Á Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Á Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) Á Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)

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“…agar media (pH 7.8) supplemented with 10 mM sodium thiosulphate (Behera et al 2015;Gross et al 2014;Cardinale et al 2007).…”

Section: Microalgae Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal consortia differentially modulate progressive adsorption of hexavalent chromium

Nath

Tiwari

Kumar

et al. 2017

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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“…For each P450, its scaffold number, DNA strand and number of introns lutionary history of earth and became major players in global energy / biomass production and biogeochemical recycling (Grossman 2005, Blanc et al 2010. Among algae, research on microalgae has been intensified because of their enormous biotechnological potential, including generation of biofuels (Behera et al 2015), phytochemicals (De Jesus Raposo and De Morais 2015), cosmetics (Wang et al 2015) and vaccines (Specht and Mayfield 2014) and their use in wastewater treatment (Tiron et al 2015). Microalgae are also used as biomarkers for organic and inorganic pollution (Torres et al 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase analysis in free-living and symbiotic microalgae Coccomyxa sp. C-169 and Chlorella sp. NC64A

Mthakathi¹,

Kgosiemang²,

Chen³

et al. 2015

ALGAE

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Microalgae research is gaining momentum because of their potential biotechnological applications, including the generation of biofuels. Genome sequencing analysis of two model microalgal species, polar free-living Coccomyxa sp. C-169 and symbiotic Chlorella sp. NC64A, revealed insights into the factors responsible for their lifestyle and unravelled biotechnologically valuable proteins. However, genome sequence analysis under-explored cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), heme-thiolate proteins ubiquitously present in species belonging to different biological kingdoms. In this study we performed genome data-mining, annotation and comparative analysis of P450s in these two model algal species. Sixty-nine P450s were found in two algal species. Coccomyxa sp. showed 40 P450s and Chlorella sp. showed 29 P450s in their genome. Sixty-eight P450s (>100 amino acid in length) were grouped into 32 P450 families and 46 P450 subfamilies. Among the P450 families, 27 P450 families were novel and not found in other biological kingdoms. The new P450 families are CYP745-CYP747, CYP845-CYP863, and CYP904-CYP908. Five P450 families, CYP51, CYP97, CYP710, CYP745, and CYP746, were commonly found between two algal species and 16 and 11 P450 families were unique to Coccomyxa sp. and Chlorella sp. Synteny analysis and gene-structure analysis revealed P450 duplications in both species. Functional analysis based on homolog P450s suggested that CYP51 and CYP710 family members are involved in membrane ergosterol biosynthesis. CYP55 and CYP97 family members are involved in nitric oxide reduction and biosynthesis of carotenoids. This is the first report on comparative analysis of P450s in the microalgal species Coccomyxa sp. C-169 and Chlorella sp. NC64A.Key Words: carotenoid biosynthesis; Chlorella sp. NC64A; Coccomyxa sp. C-169; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases; nitric oxide reductase; P450nor; symbiosis INTRODUCTIONGreen algae belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta consist of microorganisms adapted to diverse ecological niches. Green algae are photosynthetic in nature and it is estimated that more than one billion years ago terrestrial plants emerged from these organisms (Heckman et al. 2001). These organisms played a key role during the evoReceived April 3, 2015, Accepted July 6, 2015 *Corresponding Author E-mail: khajamohiddinsyed@gmail.com Tel: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 234 MATERIALS AND METHODSThe genomes of Coccomyxa sp. C-169 and Chlorella sp. NC64A have been sequenced and their genome sequence data are available for public use (Blanc et al. 2010(Blanc et al. , 2012. Genome data mining of P450s in the two species was carried out as described elsewhere (Kgosiemang et al. 2014. Briefly, the proteomes of these species were downloaded from the respective databases...

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“…Similarly, transesterification process is used to convert triglycerides to FAME /biodiesel with glycerol as a byproduct, where the reaction rate is increased in the presence of catalyst like acid or base such as NaOH or KOH. The yield of biodiesel and sustainability depends on the selection of appropriate strains and methods of oil extraction such as oil with high content of saturated fatty acid possibly produces high stable biodiesel because, the presence of poly unsaturated fatty acid are prone to oxidation and alkali based transesterification process provides high ratio of biomass conversion [33][34][35]. A recent technique called hydrothermal liquefaction, produce biodiesel at low temperature ~350 o C and high pressure 20 MPa which does not required drying or dehydration.…”

Section: Advantages Of First and Second Generation Biofuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofuel: A Scope for Reducing Global Warming

Ramakrishnan¹

2016

J Pet Environ Biotechnol

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The exponential increase in the global atmospheric temperature, global warming is mainly expedited by human interventions like deforestation and fossil fuel burning, pose threats to many natural resources, which in turn contribute for the deterioration of human health. Therefore, concerns for sustainment of life have led to growing worldwide interest in search for possible alternate ways for reducing the global warming. Biofuel productions have been considered as an alternate green solution for the replacement of fossil fuels. The present review is aimed to improve the focus towards the decrement of global warming as well as elucidating the methods and advantages of biofuel produced from various sources. And also, by which the technical barrier for efficient biofuel production could be overcome to mitigate global warming.

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Scope of Algae as Third Generation Biofuels

Cited by 248 publications

References 145 publications

Microalgal consortia differentially modulate progressive adsorption of hexavalent chromium

Microalgal consortia differentially modulate progressive adsorption of hexavalent chromium

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase analysis in free-living and symbiotic microalgae Coccomyxa sp. C-169 and Chlorella sp. NC64A

Biofuel: A Scope for Reducing Global Warming

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