“…In such an aggressive environment, optimization of the plan and schedule is a valuable differentiator that creates nontrivial cost reduction opportunities. Historically, oil industry scheduling has normally been considered for subsystems of the refinery due to the high degree of complexity involved in addressing the problem globally, although efforts treating more than one subsystem of the refinery simultaneously can be identified (Gothe-Lundgren et al, 2002, Simão et al, 2007Luo and Rong, 2007;Shah et al, 2009, Harjunkoski et al, 2014, Sha and Ierapetritou, 2015Gao et al, 2015). Jia and Ierapetritou (2004) decompose the refinery scheduling problem into three subsystems: (i) crude oil unloading, mixing and inventory control; (ii) production unit scheduling, and (iii) product blending and distribution.…”