Scope, evaluation and current perspectives of MXene synthesis strategies for state of the art applications

Abid, Muhammad Zeeshan; Rafiq, Khezina; Aslam, Anam; Jin, Rongchao; Hussain, Ejaz

doi:10.1039/d3ta06548k

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…A photocatalyst with a minimum CB potential of 0.0 eV and a VB potential greater than 1.23 eV can achieve water splitting. 14,83 g-C 3 N 4 is an n-type semiconductor with a bandgap energy of 2.72 eV. The CB potential of g-C 3 N 4 was measured via a Mott-Schottky plot to be −0.72 eV (Fig.…”

Section: Stability Of the Photocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation

Abid,

Tanveer,

Rafiq

et al. 2024

Nanoscale

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Section: Stability Of the Photocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation

Abid,

Tanveer,

Rafiq

et al. 2024

Nanoscale

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“…The most common catalysts are ZnO, TiO 2 -supported composites, g-C 3 N 4 , SrTiO 3 , Zn 3 V 2 O 8 , and BiVO 4 Unfortunately, these catalysts have a number of inherited drawbacks like (i) less durability, (ii) rapid decomposition in aqueous environment, (iii) low efficiency in sunlight, (iv) toxicity and corrosion, and (v) unsuitable band potentials for water splitting . For example, due to large band gap energies (i.e., 3.2 eV), TiO 2 can only work under UV light, which is only 4–5% of the entire solar spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunlight-Driven Hydrogen Generation: Acceleration of Synergism between Cu–Ag Cocatalysts on a CdS System

Hussain,

Ishaq,

Abid

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The high cost and limited sources of fossil fuels led researchers to discover alternative sources of energy. The aim of this work is to explore stable and efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution under sunlight. From this perspective, various catalysts including CdS, Ag@CdS, Cu@CdS, and Cu/Ag@CdS have been designed and synthesized via the hydrothermal method. To enhance the surface stability and activity of CdS, copper and silver metals were selected as cocatalysts. Cocatalyst contents were in situ deposited over the surfaces of CdS using a chemical reduction approach. The optical and structural properties of the catalysts were investigated via UV−vis/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Raman, photoluminescence (PL), Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Their chemical compositions and surface characteristics were confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Thermal stability was assured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), whereas magnetic properties were determined by electron paramagnetic analysis (EPR). Photoreactions were done in a quartz photoreactor (150 mL/Velp Scienific) and hydrogen generation activities were monitored using gas chromatographs, i.e., GC-TCD (Shimadzu-2010/Japan). The results depict that catalysts with 2% Cu and 1% Ag on CdS exhibit the highest activity (i.e., 18.93 mmol g −1 h −1 with 45.04% quantum efficiencies). The higher activities were attributed to the synergism generated between the Cu and Ag cocatalysts during the photoreaction. It has been predicted that cocatalysts enhance the electron populations on CdS surfaces by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Cu/Ag cocatalysts. Schottky junctions formed by Ag cocatalysts on CdS restrict the charge recombination (i.e., back reactions). Additionally, various factors like pH, temperature, photocatalyst dosage, and intensity of light have been evaluated and discussed to optimize the ideal conditions. The results of this study hold promise for an eventual transition to replace the costly and conventional catalysts used for sustainable hydrogen generation.

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“…Exceptional electronic conductivity promises their use in electronics and energy storage applications. Nanoscale sheet structure enables their stacking in different van der Waals heterostructures to achieve customized set of properties opening avenues for ground-breaking applications. , MXenes offer distinct advantages over other 2D nanosheets like graphene, including electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry for functionalization, superior mechanical properties, enhanced water stability, and promising performance in different energy storage and catalytic applications. − A large family of early TMCs are included in the 2D material family. An exciting development in newly discovered class of 2D nanosheets is so-called MXenes, M n +1 AX n where “M” = early transition metal, “X” = N or C and n = 1–3; and “A” = Group IIIA/IVA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Nanosheets and their Applications

Yadav,

Kumar,

Sharma

2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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is a two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet material from the MXene family formed by selective etching of aluminum atoms in ternary carbide Ti 3 AlC 2 sheet. This selective etching process results in a 2D nanosheet with titanium and fluorine atoms on the surface. MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x has several attractive properties for various applications, such as excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical properties with good chemical stability. MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x also has a large surface area and can be easily functionalized by introducing different chemical groups onto its surface. Some notable applications of MXene include supercapacitors and batteries owing to its high electrical conductivity and large surface area. MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x has also been explored as a catalyst for various reactions, including hydrogen evolution and CO 2 reduction. The main emphasis of this review is centered around exploring the electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes. Additionally, it provides a concise overview of the different approaches used for synthesizing these materials, specifically the top-down and bottom-up methods. Furthermore, the review thoroughly examines the significant applications of MXenes across multiple fields, encompassing biology, water remediation, sensors, catalysis, energy storage, and membrane separation, wearable electronics. This review considers the challenges that arise when working with MXenes and offers insights into potential future directions and perspectives in the field. Overall, MXene Ti 3 C 2 T x is a promising 2D nanosheet material with a widespread application in various fields, and research into its properties and applications is ongoing.

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Scope, evaluation and current perspectives of MXene synthesis strategies for state of the art applications

Abstract: Since the discovery, MXenes has gotten a special attention as 2D functional materials. The advanced applications are directly linked to its synthesis approaches, terminal groups (O, OH and F) and...

Cited by 8 publications

References 388 publications

Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation

Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation

Sunlight-Driven Hydrogen Generation: Acceleration of Synergism between Cu–Ag Cocatalysts on a CdS System

Review of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Nanosheets and their Applications

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Scope, evaluation and current perspectives of MXene synthesis strategies for state of the art applications

Abstract: Since the discovery, MXenes has gotten a special attention as 2D functional materials. The advanced applications are directly linked to its synthesis approaches, terminal groups (O, OH and F) and...

Cited by 8 publications

References 388 publications

Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C3N4 photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation

Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C3N4 photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation

Sunlight-Driven Hydrogen Generation: Acceleration of Synergism between Cu–Ag Cocatalysts on a CdS System

Review of Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanosheets and their Applications

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Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation

Proceeding of catalytic water splitting on Cu/Ce@g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts: an exceptional approach for sunlight-driven hydrogen generation

Review of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene Nanosheets and their Applications