Scolicidal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices

Abstract

Cystic hydatid disease (CHD), a helminth infection with various clinical complications caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is considered as a public health problem in different regions of the world. To date, scolicidal agents have been broadly applied for inactivation of the fertile cysts and these scolicidal agents have several side effects on patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the scolicidal efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the aqueous aerial extract of Penicillium aculeatum against protoscolices of CHD in-vitro. Protoscolices were aseptically aspirated from infected livers of sheep with CHD. Various concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/mL) of green synthesis of Ag-NPs and different exposure times (10, 30, 60 and 120 min) were used against protoscolices of CHD. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. The findings showed that the Ag-NPs at all concentrations have high scolicidal effects. The concentrations 0.1 and 0.15 mg/mL after 120 min of exposure times showed 83% and 90% mortality rate, respectively. The least scolicidal activity of biosynthesized Ag-NPs was 40% (0.025 mg/mL and 10 min). The current investigation indicated that applying biogenic Ag-NPs may be considered as a potential scolicidal agent for CHD surgery due to being economical, safer and non-toxic compared to the used chemical materials. However, further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of Ag-NPs in vivo.

Biofabrication of gold and silver nanoparticles for pharmaceutical applications

“…It is well known that the absorption band around 240 nm arises due to electronic excitation in tryptophan and tyrosine residue in the protein. This is in accordance with the results of previous studies carried out by this author (14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The biological agents secrete a large amount of enzymes, which are capable of hydrolyzing metals and thus bring about enzymatic reduction of metals ions (12).…”

“…These collective oscillations of the free electrons are called plasmons. These plasmons can interact, under certain conditions, with visible lights in a phenomenon called surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Furthermore, this visible change in color due to SPR was accurately studied with UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometer analysis of colloidal Au and Ag solution.…”

“…Furthermore, this visible change in color due to SPR was accurately studied with UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometer analysis of colloidal Au and Ag solution. Figure 1 and 2 showed that the UV-Vis spectrum exhibited an absorption band at around 533nm and 400 nm which is a typical plasmon band, suggesting formation of Au and Ag NPs respectively (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The UV-Vis spectrum reveals that low wavelength region recorded from the reaction medium exhibited an absorption band around 240 nm and it was attributed to aromatic amino acids of proteins (Fig.…”

“…Several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and yeasts have come up as nanofactories for synthesizing Au and AgNPs (12,14,15). However, using of fungi in order to fabrication of NPs has drawn attention of workers because of its rapid, economical, eco-friendly protocol and it provides a single step technique for the biosynthesis process (16).The progress toward greener nanosynthesis has already been studied by different authors (12,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Honary, et al (2012Honary, et al ( -2015 applied different Penicillium species for extracellular synthesis of copper oxide, iron oxide, Au and Ag NPs (12,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

A Rare Case Series of Intraorbital Unilocular Hydatid Cysts in Pediatric Patients

“…Currently, surgical therapy is still the definitive treatment of orbital hydatidosis because of the rapid growth rate of the hydatid cyst. In this report, the patients were exposed to albendazole medication after the operation; however, recent findings have highlighted the effective therapeutic of albendazole-loaded PLGA-PEG and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on protoscoleces in in vitro condition (22,23). So far, no eligible genotyping has been done on orbital hydatidosis yet; however, it is expected the predominant genotype of ocular hydatidosis belongs to G1 strain because of the widespread extension of sheep-dog biology in Iran.…”