Sclerostin

Honasoge, Mahalakshmi; Rao, Ajay D.; Rao, Sudhaker D

doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000114

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Our analysis identified 41 genes encoding secreted proteins (Table 1) that are more than two-fold up- or down-regulated in osteoblast co-cultures compared to monocultures. We also found Wnt pathway inhibitors Sost [27] and its paralog Sostdc1 [28] with altered expression in co-cultured osteoblasts. Sost expression was significantly down-regulated, while its paralog Sostdc1 was significantly up-regulated in co-cultured osteoblasts (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also evaluated changes in Sost protein expression using immunocytochemistry and found a significant reduction in Sost expression in UMR cells co-cultured with PC3 cells compared to UMR cells cultured alone (Figure 1D). Wnt signaling has been shown to play a major role in regulating bone metabolism and loss of function of Sost leads to increased bone formation [27]. Disregulated Wnt signaling has also been shown to play a major role in cancer progression and metastasis [50,51,52,53].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer–Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer

et al. 2015

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Dynamic interaction between prostate cancer and the bone microenvironment is a major contributor to metastasis of prostate cancer to bone. In this study, we utilized an in vitro co-culture model of PC3 prostate cancer cells and osteoblasts followed by microarray based gene expression profiling to identify previously unrecognized prostate cancer–bone microenvironment interactions. Factors secreted by PC3 cells resulted in the up-regulation of many genes in osteoblasts associated with bone metabolism and cancer metastasis, including Mmp13, Il-6 and Tgfb2, and down-regulation of Wnt inhibitor Sost. To determine whether altered Sost expression in the bone microenvironment has an effect on prostate cancer metastasis, we co-cultured PC3 cells with Sost knockout (SostKO) osteoblasts and wildtype (WT) osteoblasts and identified several genes differentially regulated between PC3-SostKO osteoblast co-cultures and PC3-WT osteoblast co-cultures. Co-culturing PC3 cells with WT osteoblasts up-regulated cancer-associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 in PC3 cells. MALAT1 expression was further enhanced when PC3 cells were co-cultured with SostKO osteoblasts and treatment with recombinant Sost down-regulated MALAT1 expression in these cells. Our results suggest that reduced Sost expression in the tumor microenvironment may promote bone metastasis by up-regulating MALAT1 in prostate cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer–Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer

et al. 2015

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“…SOST is a potent Wnt antagonist and a key regulator of bone metabolism [ 9 , 29 ]. OA is characterized by changes in bone matrix composition and metabolism, however, the role of SOST in OA pathogenesis is not well known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation regulates sclerostin (SOST) expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) induced changes in Smads binding affinity to the CpG region of SOST promoter

Papathanasiou¹,

Kostopoulou²,

Malizos³

et al. 2015

Arthritis Res Ther

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IntroductionSclerostin (SOST), a soluble antagonist of Wnt signaling, is expressed in chondrocytes and contributes to chondrocytes’ hypertrophic differentiation; however its role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis is not well known. Based on our previous findings on the interaction between Wnt/β-catenin pathway and BMP-2 in OA, we aimed to investigate the role of DNA methylation and BMP-2 on SOST’s expression in OA chondrocytes.MethodsSOST mRNA and protein expression levels were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, respectively. The methylation status of SOST promoter was analysed using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) and bisulfite sequencing analysis. The effect of BMP-2 and 5’-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-AzadC) on SOST’s expression levels were investigated and Smad1/5/8 binding to SOST promoter was assessed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChΙP).ResultsWe observed that SOST’s expression was upregulated in OA chondrocytes compared to normal. Moreover, we found that the CpG region of SOST promoter was hypomethylated in OA chondrocytes and 5-AzadC treatment in normal chondrocytes resulted in decreased SOST methylation, whereas its expression was upregulated. BMP-2 treatment in 5-AzadC-treated normal chondrocytes resulted in SOST upregulation, which was mediated through Smad 1/5/8 binding on the CpG region of SOST promoter.ConclusionsWe report novel findings that DNA methylation regulates SOST’s expression in OA, by changing Smad 1/5/8 binding affinity to SOST promoter, providing evidence that changes in DNA methylation pattern could underlie changes in genes’ expression observed in OA.

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“…Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway stimulates differentiation, proliferation and survival of osteoblasts, which results in increased bone formation 9 , 10 . Sclerostin, encoded by the SOST gene, is a 190-amino acid glycoprotein secreted mainly by osteocytes, and it acts as a negative regulator of bone formation through inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway 11 . The function of sclerostin in bone metabolism is illustrated by two rare high bone mass disorders, Sclerosteosis and Van Buchem disease, characterised by deficiency or impaired sclerostin production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on serum levels of sclerostin, Dickkopf-1, and osteoprotegerin: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

Wang

Karunasinghe

Plank

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for men with prostate cancer (PCa) results in accelerated bone loss and increased risk of bone fracture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum bone markers—sclerostin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), in a cohort of 88 PCa patients without known bone metastases, managed with and without ADT, and to analyse their relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) and sex steroids. The cross-sectional analysis between acute-, chronic- and former-ADT groups and PCa controls showed that sclerostin and OPG levels significantly differed between them (p = 0.029 and p = 0.032). Groups contributing to these significant changes were recorded. There were no significant differences in serum DKK-1 levels across the four groups (p = 0.683). In the longitudinal analysis, significant % decreases within groups were seen for DKK-1 [chronic-ADT (− 10.06%, p = 0.0057), former-ADT (− 12.77%, p = 0.0239), and in PCa controls group (− 16.73, p = 0.0022); and OPG levels in chronic ADT (− 8.28%, p = 0.003) and PCa controls group (− 12.82%, p = 0.017)]. However, % changes in sclerostin, DKK-1, and OPG did not differ significantly over 6-months across the evaluated groups. Sclerostin levels showed significant positive correlations with BMD at baseline in the ADT group, while in PCa controls this correlation existed at both baseline and 6-month time points. Sclerostin correlated negatively with testosterone in former ADT users and in PCa controls. Possible prognostic features denoted by parallel increases in sclerostin and BMD are discussed.

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Sclerostin

Cited by 18 publications

References 98 publications

Cancer–Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer

Cancer–Osteoblast Interaction Reduces Sost Expression in Osteoblasts and Up-Regulates lncRNA MALAT1 in Prostate Cancer

DNA methylation regulates sclerostin (SOST) expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) induced changes in Smads binding affinity to the CpG region of SOST promoter

Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on serum levels of sclerostin, Dickkopf-1, and osteoprotegerin: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

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