Sclerosing Orbital Inflammation Caused by Leishmania braziliensis

Cruz, Antônio Augusto Velasco e; Alves-Ferreira, Eliza V.C.; Milbratz-Moré, Gherusa; Chahud, Fernando; Ruy, Patrícia de Cássia; Duarte, Maria Irma Seixas; Cruz, Ângela K.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.16-0389

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Lowen et al's [ 27 ] study enrolled 55 cases for exploring the histopathologic and immunohistochemical pattern of NSOI; they found that NSOI displayed a predominance of T cells, which coordinates with our results. Despite the immune alteration, variable degrees of collagen deposition also are considered an essential pathologic change of NSOI as previously reported [ 28 , 29 ]. However, the cellular mechanism remains not fully understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis

et al. 2022

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Background. Nonspecific orbital inflammation is a common ophthalmopathy with a high prevalence among adult females. Yet, its molecular mechanisms behind are poorly understood. Regulation of gene expression probably plays an important role in this disease. Thus, we utilized gene coexpression networks to identify key modules and hub genes involved in nonspecific orbital inflammation. Methods. Data of gene expression in nonspecific orbital inflammation samples ( n = 61 ) and healthy samples ( n = 28 ) were obtained from the public Gene Expression Omnibus database. Afterward, differentially expressed genes were performed. Then, weighted correlation network analysis was done to define the key modules. Next, functional enrichment analysis was conducted by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway in key modules. Finally, a protein-protein interaction network and Cytohubba plugin were used to screen hub genes. Results. Differential expression of 716 genes was identified, among which 169 genes were upregulated and 547 genes were downregulated in the nonspecific orbital inflammation group. In weighted correlation network analysis, we clarified 2 key modules (MEturquoise and MEblue) that are likely to play key roles in nonspecific orbital inflammation. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes are predominately involved in immune response and matrix homeostasis. In addition, among 2 key modules, there are 20 hub genes identified. Conclusion. With this new approach, we identified several genes that could be critical to pathologies of nonspecific orbital inflammation. These findings may contribute to further therapeutic target development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…In addition to the classical immune theory, some scholars believed that OIP might be secondary to or associated with viral, bacterial or other pathogen infections, such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Streptococcus, HIV, herpes zoster, and Leishmania braziliensis, among which EBV is mainly reported [ 46 – 50 ].…”

Section: Etiopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor: new advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment

Fang,

Shen,

Dai

et al. 2023

Eur J Med Res

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Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (OIP) is a benign, non-specific inflammatory disorder that commonly occurs in middle-aged adults and is usually unilateral but can occur bilaterally. Its clinical manifestations have tremendous clinical heterogeneity and vary according to the site of infiltration and the degree of lesions, including orbital pain, swelling, diplopia, proptosis, restricted eye movement, and decreased visual acuity. Clinical features, Image characteristics and pathological examinations often need to be evaluated to confirm the diagnosis. Currently, there is no systematic research on the pathogenesis of OIP, which may be related to immunity or infection. The first-line treatment is glucocorticoids. Radiotherapy, immunosuppressants, and biologics can be considered for treatment-resistant, hormone-dependent, or intolerant patients. In this review, we aim to summarize and focus on new insights into OIP, including new diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and discoveries in new drugs and treatment strategies. In particular, we highlight the literature and find that T cell-mediated immune responses are closely related to the pathogenesis of OIP. Further exploration of the mechanism and signaling pathway of T cells in the immune process will help to identify their therapeutic targets and carry out targeted therapy to treat refractory OIP and reduce the side effects of traditional treatments.

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“…Lesions are destructive and principally affect the skin and mucus membranes in the oral, nasal, and oropharyngeal tracts (Ministeŕio da Saúde, 2017;Conceicão-Silva and Morgado, 2019). Furthermore, studies have reported the occurrence of lesions in the eye (Cruz et al, 2017) and larynx (Silva et al, 2017). The DNA of the parasite has also been detected in bone marrow of immunocompromised patients (Gontijo et al, 2002;Silva et al, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Target Organ of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Chronic Infection: The Intestine

Santos

Silva

Carneiro

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is one of the main causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas. This species presents genetic polymorphism that can cause destructive lesions in oral, nasal, and oropharyngeal tracts. In a previous study, the parasite caused several histopathological changes to hamster ileums. Our study evaluates immune response components, morphological changes, and effects on neurons in the ileums of hamsters infected by three different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis in two infection periods. For the experiment, we separated hamsters into four groups: a control group and three infected groups. Infected hamsters were euthanized 90- or 120-days post infection. We used three strains of L. (V.) braziliensis: the reference MHOM/BR/1975/M2903 and two strains isolated from patients who had different responses to Glucantime® treatment (MHOM/BR/2003/2314 and MHOM/BR/2000/1655). After laparotomy, ileums were collected for histological processing, biochemical analysis, and evaluation of neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The results demonstrated the increase of blood leukocytes after the infection. Optical microscopy analysis showed histopathological changes with inflammatory infiltrates, edemas, ganglionitis, and Leishmania amastigotes in the ileums of infected hamsters. We observed changes in the organ histoarchitecture of infected hamsters when compared to control groups, such as thicker muscular and submucosa layers, deeper and wider crypts, and taller and broader villi. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and TGF-β-immunoreactive cells increased in all infected groups when compared to the control groups. Mast cells increased with longer infection periods. The infection also caused remodeling of intestinal collagen and morphometry of myenteric and submucosal plexus neurons; but this effect was dependent on infection duration. Our results show that L. (V.) braziliensis infection caused time-dependent alterations in hamster ileums. This was demonstrated by the reduction of inflammatory cells and the increase of tissue regeneration factors at 120 days of infection. The infected groups demonstrated different profiles in organ histoarchitecture, migration of immune cells, and morphometry of ENS neurons. These findings suggest that the small intestine (or at least the ileum) is a target organ for L. (V.) braziliensis infection, as the infection caused changes that were dependent on duration and strain.

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Sclerosing Orbital Inflammation Caused by Leishmania braziliensis

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis

Identification of Hub Genes Associated with Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis

Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor: new advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment

A New Target Organ of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Chronic Infection: The Intestine

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