Scleroderris canker of Todo-fir in Hokkaido, Northern Japan.

Yokota, Shun-ichi

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1975.tb00929.x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Dissemination of this pathogen has been suspected to occur via infected symptomless seedlings that escaped inspections prior to outplanting (20,32). The endophytic nature of this pathogen predisposes its dissemination on nursery material (14,29,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…abietina Petrini et al, the causal agent of Scleroderris canker, is a very damaging pathogen of conifers in North America, Europe, and Asia (16,30,37). In North America, a North American (NA) race that is believed to be indigenous and a race that was introduced earlier during this century, presumably from Europe (EU), are present (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong circumstantial evidence exists that infected nursery material and Christmas trees are an additional source of inoculum and may be involved in local and long-distance spread of the fungus (20,32). This pathogen can survive for long periods in an endophytic state (14,29,37), and therefore, it is possible that apparently healthy seedlings are outplanted even after phytosanitary seedling inspections.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Evidence of Distinct Introductions of the European Race of Gremmeniella abietina into North America

Hamelin¹,

Lecours²,

Laflamme³

1998

Phytopathology®

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The presence of the European (EU) race of Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina, the causal agent of Scleroderris canker of conifers, was first reported in North America in 1975 in the northeastern United States and subsequently in southern Quebec and Newfoundland during the late 1970s, where it quickly became established. We analyzed DNA profiles in samples from a historic collection of G. abietina var. abietina that included some of the first isolates of the EU race reported in the United States to test hypotheses concerning the G. abietina var. abietina epidemic in North America. Genetic diversity was partitioned by an analysis of molecular variance with haplotype frequencies and distances. Genetic differentiation was high between populations in continental North America and Newfoundland (between region differentiation, Phi(ct) = 0.665, P < 0.001). This result was not consistent with the hypothesis of a single introduction of the pathogen into the northeastern United States followed by secondary spread into northeastern Canada. In contrast, small levels of genetic differentiation were observed among continental North American populations (Phi(ct) = 0.047, P = 0.079), suggesting gene flow among these populations. A single haplotype of G. abietina var. abietina dominated the continental populations (80% of the isolates) but was absent from Newfoundland and Europe. Five haplotypes were found in the New-foundland population, all of which were either absent or very rare on the continent. Populations from continental North America clustered together and were distinct from a second cluster composed of European and Newfoundland populations. A phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes indicated that some of the rare haplotypes may have derived from somatic mutations, whereas others probably occurred as the result of new introductions. The results are consistent with a scenario of distinct primary introductions of this pathogen into Newfoundland and continental eastern North America followed by secondary asexual propagation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular Evidence of Distinct Introductions of the European Race of Gremmeniella abietina into North America

Hamelin¹,

Lecours²,

Laflamme³

1998

Phytopathology®

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“…The Asian race was found only in Japan on Abies sachalinensis (Fridr . Schmidt) M. T. Mast (Yokota 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogeny of Gremmeniella spp. based on sequences of the 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region

Hamelin¹,

Rail²

1997

Can. J. Bot.

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Sequences in the 5.8s rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region were obtained for taxa belonging to Gremmeniella spp., and a phylogenetic analysis was carried out using parsimony and distance methods. A set of hypotheses concerning evolutionary relationships between members of that genus was tested. The hypothesis that all members of Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina are closely related was rejected. It appears that the Asian race is quite divergent from the European and North American races, but could be more closely related to G. abietina var. balsamea. The phylogeny 'was consistent with host specificity: members of G, abietina var. abietina generally do not infect Abies or Picea spp. but the Asian race occurs on Abies sachalinensis in Japan. The hypothesis that host specialization has created divergence within G. abietina var. balsamea was supported by our analysis because the levels of divergence between isolates originating from Picea spp. and Abies spp. were similar to those found between the North American and European races of G. abietina var. abietina. The hypothesis that greater divergence occurred between Gremrneniella abietina and Gremmeniella laricina than between G. abietina var. abietina and G. abietina var. balsamea was not supported. The level of divergence was as large between the two varieties within G. abietina as between the two species G. abietina and G. laricina. These results indicate that similar taxonomic levels should be applied to these three taxa.Key words: scleroderris canker, internal transcribed spacer (ITS). R6sum6 : Le gtne d'ADN ribosomique 5.8s et les rtgions internes non transcrites ont Ctt stquencts pour les esp&ces appartenant au genre Gremmeniellu; une analyse de phylogtnie a ensuite kt6 effectuee par les mtthodes de parsimonie et de distance pour tester des hypotheses concernant 1'Cvolution de ces espkces. L'hypothbe voulant que les membres de l'espkce Gremmeniella abietina var. ubietina foment un groupe lit par l'tvolution est rejette. La race asiatique est trks divergente des races nord-amtricaines et europtennes mais semble Etre plut6t like au groupe G. abietina var. balsamea. Ces rtsultats sont en accord avec la sgcificitk sur les essences h6te.s : les membres de G. abietina var. abierina attaquent rarement les Picea ou les Abies alors que la race asiatique a Ct C isolte sur I'Abies sachalinensis au Japon. L'hypoth5se de spkcialisation sur l'kpinette et le sapin au sein de G. abietina var. balsamea est vkrifite par notre analyse. En effet, des taux de divergence semblables ont kt6 mesurts entre les souches de G. abietina var. balsumea sur le sapin et I'epinette et entre les races nord-arntricaines et europkennes de G. abietina var. ubietina. Cependant, l'hypoth5se de la prtsence de taux de divergence plus tlevks entre les deux esptces Gremmeniella laricina et Gremmeniella abietina, qu'entre les deux varittts, G. abietiriu var. abietina et G. abietina var. balsama n'est pas corroborte par nos donnCes. Des taux de divergence eleves ont 6ti dtcelCs aussi bien entre le...

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“…Hö hn.] has caused major losses in both conifer plantations (Dorworth 1971;Yokota 1975;Jalkanen 1992, 1994) and forest nurseries (Nef and Perrin 1999) in North and Central Europe, North America and Japan in recent decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fungicides, endophytes and fungal filtrates on in vitro growth of Spanish isolates of Gremmeniella abietina

Santamaría¹,

González²,

Pajares³

2007

Forest Pathology

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The effect of eight fungicides and 15 endophytes isolated from twigs of healthy Pinus halepensis trees on the growth rate of four Spanish isolates of the pathogen Gremmeniella abietina was evaluated in vitro. In the fungicide experiments, four doses of each fungicide tested were added to the growth medium. In the endophyte experiments, dual cultures endophyte-pathogen were paired in Petri dishes. Furthermore, growth of three G. abietina isolates was evaluated on malt agar with pine needle extract amended with filtrates from cultures of endophyte E14, which produced a brownish compound apparently inhibiting G. abietina growth. The results obtained suggested that chlorothalonil and daconil were the most suitable fungicides at low doses to reduce growth of G. abietina isolates from Spain. Four of the endophytes tested in vitro showed strong antagonistic activity against G. abietina and deserve further testing in vivo. The endophyte E14 produced in vitro a brownish compound which almost completely inhibited mycelial growth of G. abietina isolates from Spain.

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Scleroderris canker of Todo-fir in Hokkaido, Northern Japan.

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular Evidence of Distinct Introductions of the European Race of Gremmeniella abietina into North America

Molecular Evidence of Distinct Introductions of the European Race of Gremmeniella abietina into North America

Phylogeny of Gremmeniella spp. based on sequences of the 5.8S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region

Effect of fungicides, endophytes and fungal filtrates on in vitro growth of Spanish isolates of Gremmeniella abietina

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