Scion–rootstock interactions influence the growth and behaviour of the grapevine root system in a heavy clay soil

Ferlito, Filippo; Distefano, Gaetano; Gentile, Alessandra; Allegra, Maria; Lakso, Alan N.; Nicolosi, Elisabetta

doi:10.1111/ajgw.12415

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The scion genotype affected tip density particularly when the rootstock was PN; tip density was higher in 1103P/PN compared to PN/PN; this could suggest that the scion can exert long-distance regulation of root branching in grapevine. This hypothesis is supported by a study on the effect of the scion on the root system of mature plants in a 17 year-old vineyard, which showed that the scion could affect root biomass, shoot:root ratio, root density (per m² of soil) and root distribution in the soil (Ferlito et al, 2020).…”

Section: Growth Of Young Grapevines Is Scion Dependant Under Non-limiting Phosphate Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Identifying roles of the scion and the rootstock in regulating plant development and functioning under different phosphorus supplies in grapevine

Gautier

Merlin

Doumas

et al. 2021

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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Phosphorus is essential for plant life and plants have developed numerous strategies to maximise phosphate (Pi) acquisition and use under limited Pi supply. Here we have used reciprocal grafting to determine whether the shoot and root have different roles in regulating some of these strategies.Reciprocal grafts of two grapevine genotypes (Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir and V. berlandieri x V. rupestris cv. 1103 Paulsen) were produced as well as the corresponding homo-graft controls; the plants were grown in hydroponic culture and subjected to two levels of Pi supply (high (0.6 mM) or low (0.001 mM)). Biomass accumulation, root morphology, and root, stem and leaf organic acid, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate concentrations were measured. The transcript abundance of orthologues of known phosphate starvation induced (PSI) genes from Arabidopsis was also quantified. Under high Pi, the scion genotype had a large impact on plant growth, but the morphology of roots (such as root tip density) was not affected. Low Pi supply affected growth, tissue organic acid concentration, the activity of acid phosphatases released by the roots and the expression of PSI genes. Rootstock genotypes showed differences in root responses to low Pi supply, but the scion also exerted long-distance regulation of rootstock responses to low Pi, for example, modifying PSI gene expression, sulphate acquisition efficiency, the activity of acid phosphatases released by the roots and root organic acid concentrations. This work shows for the first time that the grapevine genotypes differ in their response to low Pi supply and that the scion can modify rootstock responses to the nutrient availability. This work highlights that genetic variation in shootborne signals can regulate root responses to Pi supply and that understanding rootstock responses to the environment must be done considering scion influence. AG, IM, BP and PD executed the experiments and collected data, AG and NC analysed the data, VL, AM, PV and SJC acquired the funding, SJC drafted the manuscript, and all authors made significant intellectual contributions to the design and execution of the work, and revised the manuscript. ReferencesAttia F, Garcia F, Garcia M, Besnard E, Lamaze T. 2007. Effect of rootstock on organic acids in leaves and berries and on must and wine acidity of two red wine grape cultivars 'Malbec' and 'Négrette' (Vitis vinifera L.) grown hydroponically. Acta Horticulturae 754, 473-482.

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Section: Growth Of Young Grapevines Is Scion Dependant Under Non-limiting Phosphate Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Identifying roles of the scion and the rootstock in regulating plant development and functioning under different phosphorus supplies in grapevine

Gautier

Merlin

Doumas

et al. 2021

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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“…Less research has been conducted on the effects of the scion on the rootstock, and, to date, this effect has been examined only on physical rootstock properties such as root biomass and length [28]. The interaction between rootstocks and scions also remains understudied, but research has shown that it can affect yield and quality of grapes [29], and root behavior and plant growth [30]. With grafting, scions and rootstocks each maintain their own genetic identity [24], and in other plant species this has led to changes in bacterial diversity [31] or community structure [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Effects of Scion and Rootstock Genotypes on the Root Microbiome of Grapevines (Vitis spp. L.)

et al. 2021

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Diversity and community structure of soil microorganisms are increasingly recognized as important contributors to sustainable agriculture and plant health. In viticulture, grapevine scion cultivars are grafted onto rootstocks to reduce the incidence of the grapevine pest phylloxera. However, it is unknown to what extent this practice influences root-associated microbial communities. A field survey of bacteria in soil surrounding the roots (rhizosphere) of 4 cultivars × 4 rootstock combinations was conducted to determine whether rootstock and cultivar genotypes are important drivers of rhizosphere community diversity and composition. Differences in α-diversity was highly dependent on rootstock–cultivar combinations, while bacterial community structure primarily clustered according to cultivar differences, followed by differences in rootstocks. Twenty-four bacterial indicator genera were significantly more abundant in one or more cultivars, while only thirteen were found to be specifically associated with one or more rootstock genotypes, but there was little overlap between cultivar and rootstock indicator genera. Bacterial diversity in grafted grapevines was affected by both cultivar and rootstock identity, but this effect was dependent on which diversity measure was being examined (i.e., α- or β-diversity) and specific rootstock–cultivar combinations. These findings could have functional implications, for instance, if specific combinations varied in their ability to attract beneficial microbial taxa which can control pathogens and/or assist plant performance.

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“…A fundamental question in plant biology is how root systems influence phenomic variation in above-ground shoot systems including leaves, flowers, and fruits. Grafting, a common horticultural manipulation that joins the shoot system of one individual (the scion) with the root system of another individual (the rootstock), is commonly used in crop species to confer favorable phenotypes to commercial scions [ 6 ], including enhanced disease resistance [ 7 , 8 ], fruit quality, plant form [ 9 ], response to water stress [ 10 ], and growth on particular soils [ 11 , 12 ]. Because grafting often uses clonally propagated materials, it is possible to manipulate and replicate different combinations of root systems and shoot systems, offering a valuable experimental system in which root system effects on shoot system phenotypes can be evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-dimensional leaf phenotypes reflect root system genotype in grafted grapevine over the growing season

et al. 2021

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Background Modern biological approaches generate volumes of multi-dimensional data, offering unprecedented opportunities to address biological questions previously beyond reach owing to small or subtle effects. A fundamental question in plant biology is the extent to which below-ground activity in the root system influences above-ground phenotypes expressed in the shoot system. Grafting, an ancient horticultural practice that fuses the root system of one individual (the rootstock) with the shoot system of a second, genetically distinct individual (the scion), is a powerful experimental system to understand below-ground effects on above-ground phenotypes. Previous studies on grafted grapevines have detected rootstock influence on scion phenotypes including physiology and berry chemistry. However, the extent of the rootstock's influence on leaves, the photosynthetic engines of the vine, and how those effects change over the course of a growing season, are still largely unknown. Results Here, we investigate associations between rootstock genotype and shoot system phenotypes using 5 multi-dimensional leaf phenotyping modalities measured in a common grafted scion: ionomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, morphometrics, and physiology. Rootstock influence is ubiquitous but subtle across modalities, with the strongest signature of rootstock observed in the leaf ionome. Moreover, we find that the extent of rootstock influence on scion phenotypes and patterns of phenomic covariation are highly dynamic across the season. Conclusions These findings substantially expand previously identified patterns to demonstrate that rootstock influence on scion phenotypes is complex and dynamic and underscore that broad understanding necessitates volumes of multi-dimensional data previously unmet.

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Scion–rootstock interactions influence the growth and behaviour of the grapevine root system in a heavy clay soil

Cited by 33 publications

References 41 publications

Identifying roles of the scion and the rootstock in regulating plant development and functioning under different phosphorus supplies in grapevine

Identifying roles of the scion and the rootstock in regulating plant development and functioning under different phosphorus supplies in grapevine

Interactive Effects of Scion and Rootstock Genotypes on the Root Microbiome of Grapevines (Vitis spp. L.)

Multi-dimensional leaf phenotypes reflect root system genotype in grafted grapevine over the growing season

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