Scintillators With Potential to Supersede Lanthanum Bromide

Cherepy, Nerine J.; Payne, Stephen A.; Asztalos, S. J.; Hull, G.; Kuntz, Joshua D.; Niedermayr, Thomas; Pimputkar, Siddha; Roberts, Jeffery J.; Sanner, Robert M.; Tillotson, Thomas M.; Loef, E.V.D. van; Wilson, Cody M.; Shah, K.S.; Roy, Utpal; Hawrami, R.; Bürger, A.; Boatner, L. A.; Choong, Woon-Seng; Moses, W.W.

doi:10.1109/tns.2009.2020165

Cited by 241 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…given by garnet scintillator materials in which the incorporation of Gd onto the Lu 3+ or Y 3+ site, leads to a significant gain of the light yield through an effective energy transfer from the lattice to the activator species via Gd 3+ . 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence of YPO₄:Pr³⁺, Y₂SiO₅:Pr³⁺, YBO₃:Pr³⁺, and YPO₄:Bi³⁺

Broxtermann

Engelsen

Fern

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Herein we describe the synthesis, characterization, and cathodoluminescence of the UV emitting phosphors YPO 4 :Pr 3+ , Y 2 SiO 5 :Pr 3+ , YBO 3 :Pr 3+ , and YPO 4 :Bi 3+ . These photoluminescent UV phosphors exhibited strong luminescence in the UV part of the electromagnetic spectrum when excited by electron bombardment. Spectra have been recorded between 210 and 650 nm at electron beam energies of 5, 10 and 15 keV. The energy efficiencies of YPO 4 :Pr 3+ , Y 2 SiO 5 :Pr 3+ , YBO 3 :Pr 3+ and YPO 4 :Bi 3+ in the UV range were 9.2%, 2.7%, 5.1%, and 7.2%, respectively at 15 keV. UV photoluminescence measurements were conducted using 160 nm excitation generated by combining a VUV monochromator with a deuterium lamp. The UV emitting phosphor Y 2 SiO 5 :Pr 3+ has attracted attention both because of its potential application as a UV tunable laser and also as a scintillator arising from its short decay time (of about 40 ns).1-4 Moreover, it is one of the first UV emitting materials, which manifests up-conversion of blue radiation into the UV-C range. 5Interest rose in UV-A and UV-B emitting luminescent materials after the introduction of low-pressure Hg discharge lamps that were developed as sun tan lamps in the middle of the 20 th century. 6 The early UV emitting phosphors were activated by Tl + , Pb 2+ , or Bi 3+ , while later Ce 3+ activated phosphors such as LaPO 4 :Ce and YPO 4 :Ce came into play due to their better stability and environmental compliance as they contained no hazardous elements.The development of phosphors emitting in the UV-C range was stimulated by the advent of efficient dielectric barrier Xe discharge lamps some decades ago. [7][8][9] At that time, some UV- have since become less interesting due to the toxic character of these materials. One of the most efficient UV-C emitting materials, which also has a rather high thermal quenching temperature, is YPO 4 :Bi .10 However a serious drawback with this material is the limited stability of Bi 3+ cations toward oxidation or reduction. This necessitated a search for efficient and long-term stable Pr 3+ activated materials, since it is thought that Pr 3+ can withstand the harsh conditions of VUV radiation and the electron bombardment inside an excimer discharge tube. The most efficient materials amongst the many, which have been published so far are YPO 4 :Pr, LaPO 4 :Pr, Y 2 SiO 5 :Pr, YBO 3 :Pr, Ca 9 Y(PO 4 ) 7 :Pr, LuBO 3 :Pr, Lu 2 SiO 5 :Pr and LuPO 4 :Pr. The later Lutetium containing compounds are also regarded as scintillators because of their high density.Xe excimer discharge lamps containing a UV-C phosphor for germicidal action and photochemical purposes have been developed by several groups 11-13 and lamp products containing YPO 4 :Nd, YPO 4 :Pr, YPO 4 :Bi, and LaPO 4 :Pr were introduced several years ago. Even though these lamps can achieve wall plug efficiency close to that of low-and medium-pressure Hg discharge lamps, their commercial success is rather moderate so far. The main reason for this observation is their lower long-term stabi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence of YPO₄:Pr³⁺, Y₂SiO₅:Pr³⁺, YBO₃:Pr³⁺, and YPO₄:Bi³⁺

Broxtermann

Engelsen

Fern

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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“…Both Gd and Tb offer comparable stopping to Lu, without radioactivity. However, Tb-based garnets exhibit slower decay times than Gd-garnets making them less desirable for gamma spectroscopy [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of transparent ceramic Ce-doped gadolinium garnet gamma spectrometers

Cherepy

Seeley

Payne

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record (NSS/MIC)

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Abstract-Transparent polycrystalline ceramic scintillators based on the garnet structure and incorporating gadolinium for high stopping power are being developed for use in gamma spectrometers. Optimization of energy resolution for gamma spectroscopy involves refining the material composition for high stopping and high light yield, developing ceramics fabrication methodology for material homogeneity, as well as selecting the size and geometry of the scintillator to match the photodetector characteristics and readout electronics. We have demonstrated energy resolution of 4% at 662 keV for 0.05 cm 3 GYGAG(Ce) ceramics with photodiode readout, and 4.9% resolution at 662 keV for 18 cm 3 GYGAG(Ce) ceramics and PMT readout. Comparative gamma spectra acquired with GYGAG(Ce) and NaI(Tl) depict the higher resolution of GYGAG(Ce) for radioisotope identification applications. Light yield nonproportionality of garnets fabricated following different methods reveal that the fundamental shapes of the light yield dependence on energy are not intrinsic to the crystal structure, but may instead depend on trap state distributions. With exposure to 9 MeV Brehmsstrahlung radiation, we also find that GYGAG(Ce) ceramics exhibit excellent radiation hardness.

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“…Small crystals (<1 cm 3 ) of SrI 2 (Eu) have been found to provide an energy resolution at 662 keV of 2.5-2.8% [6][7][8][9]. Figure 1 shows a small crystal of SrI 2 (Eu) offering 662 keV energy resolution comparable to that of LaBr 3 (Ce).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Alkaline earth halides are a class of scintillators that appear promising with regards to materials cost, growth, and scintillation yields [1][2][3][4]. We have recently found that single crystal divalent Eu-doped Strontium Iodide yields >100,000 photons/MeV in the Eu 2+ luminescence band (435 nm central wavelength), with a decay time of ~1.2 µs, and excellent light yield proportionality (and hence intrinsic energy resolution) that is superior to that of Ce-doped lanthanum bromide [5][6][7][8][9]. An ongoing coordinated effort between Fisk University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Radiation Monitoring Devices, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory seeks to improve Strontium Iodide crystal growth and the performance of prototype detectors, with a device goal of 2% resolution at 662 keV and a crystal size of 3" in length by 3" in diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for High Energy Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy with Europium-Doped Strontium Iodide

et al. 2009

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Europium-doped strontium iodide scintillators offer a light yield exceeding 100,000 photons/MeV and excellent light yield proportionality, while at the same time, SrI 2 is readily grown in single crystal form. Thus far, our collaboration has demonstrated an energy resolution with strontium iodide of 2.6% at 662 keV and 7.6% at 60 keV, and we have grown single crystals surpassing 30 cm 3 in size (with lower resolution). Our analysis indicates that SrI 2 (Eu) has the potential to offer 2% energy resolution at 662 keV with optimized material, optics, and read-out. In particular, improvements in feedstock purity may result in crystal structural and chemical homogeneity, leading to improved light yield uniformity throughout the crystal volume, and consequently, better energy resolution. Uniform, efficient light collection and detection, is also required to achieve the best energy resolution with a SrI 2 (Eu) scintillator device.

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Scintillators With Potential to Supersede Lanthanum Bromide

Cited by 241 publications

References 39 publications

Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence of YPO₄:Pr³⁺, Y₂SiO₅:Pr³⁺, YBO₃:Pr³⁺, and YPO₄:Bi³⁺

Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence of YPO₄:Pr³⁺, Y₂SiO₅:Pr³⁺, YBO₃:Pr³⁺, and YPO₄:Bi³⁺

Development of transparent ceramic Ce-doped gadolinium garnet gamma spectrometers

Prospects for High Energy Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy with Europium-Doped Strontium Iodide

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Scintillators With Potential to Supersede Lanthanum Bromide

Cited by 241 publications

References 39 publications

Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence of YPO4:Pr3+, Y2SiO5:Pr3+, YBO3:Pr3+, and YPO4:Bi3+

Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence of YPO4:Pr3+, Y2SiO5:Pr3+, YBO3:Pr3+, and YPO4:Bi3+

Development of transparent ceramic Ce-doped gadolinium garnet gamma spectrometers

Prospects for High Energy Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy with Europium-Doped Strontium Iodide

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Product

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Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence of YPO₄:Pr³⁺, Y₂SiO₅:Pr³⁺, YBO₃:Pr³⁺, and YPO₄:Bi³⁺

Cathodoluminescence and Photoluminescence of YPO₄:Pr³⁺, Y₂SiO₅:Pr³⁺, YBO₃:Pr³⁺, and YPO₄:Bi³⁺