Scintillators and Wavelength Shifters for the Detection of Ionizing Radiation

Abstract

New scintillators and waveshifter materials are under development for use in detecting charged particles in tracking applications and for detecting showering particles in calorimetric applications. Goals have been to identify and produce fast and efficient dye materials that fluoresce in the middle of the visible spectrum where polystyrene and polyvinyl toluene have good optical transparency, to replace existing materials currently in use in the field of particle physics. As a result of this study, several fluorescent dyes have been identified with fast and efficient emission, that fluorescence in the green (λ ~ 490-520 nm). These are candidate materials for new scintillators and waveshifters.

Naturalness confronts nature: searches for supersymmetry with the CMS detector in pp collisions at √s = 8 and $13$ TeV

“…To optimize the time resolution of this type of calorimeter the DSB1 fiber provides a better choice than Y11 if only this parameter is considered. The signal rise times we observe are comparable to the measured decay times of the corresponding WLS fibers [247]. Using the shashlik calorimeter cell with DSB1 fibers, we measure the time resolution for electron beams with energy varying between 4 GeV and 32 GeV.…”

“…In Fig. 9.9 (a) and (b) and we show the pulse shapes averaged over a few hundred events obtained using DSB1 fibers [247] and Y11 fibers, plotted in blue and red respectively. We find that the rise time of the pulse obtained using the DSB1 fibers, about 2.4 ns, is significantly faster than the rise time of the pulse obtained using the Y11 fibers, which is about 7.1 ns.…”

The concentration dependence for X-ray excited luminescence in liquid phosphors

“…(5). The absorption of one X-ray quantum in condensed matter under the action of high-energy photoelectrons generates a significant number of electronic excitations.…”

“…Concentration dependences of optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield have been thoroughly investigated and as a result liquid phosphors [1] are widely used as scintillators [2,5]. However, a low intensity of X-ray luminescence (XRL) compared to very intensive PL remains the main problem that many researchers of liquid phosphors face.…”

“…The concentration dependence Y C ( ) for V Δ ¼ 0.3 Â 10 À 18 сm 3 and different densities of electronic excitationsN V / 0 0: 10 19 сm -3 (1), 3 Â 10 18 сm À 3 (2), 10 18 сm À 3 (3), 3 Â 10 17 сm À 3 (4), and 10 17 сm À 3 The concentration dependence Y C ( ) for N V / 0 0¼ 10 18 сm À 3 and different values of V Δ : 3Â 10 À 18 сm 3 (1), 10 À 18 сm 3 (2), 0.3 Â 10 À 18 сm 3 (3), 0.1 Â 10 À 18 сm 3 (4), and 0.03 Â 10 À 18 сm 3(5).…”