Scintillation Mechanisms in Inorganic Scintillators

High-Efficiency Down-Conversion Radiation Fluorescence and Ultrafast Photoluminescence (1.2 ns) at the Interface of Hybrid Cs4PbBr6–CsI Nanocrystals

“…W ith an increasing demand for ionizing radiation detection in radiological medical imaging, high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and other fields, 1−5 scintillators, as a key component, have always received extensive attention to improve their luminous efficiency and optimize afterglow. 4,6,7 Traditional high-Z (Z is the effective atomic number) inorganic scintillators, such as activator doped alkali metal halide, have achieved down-conversion of light emission by introducing recombination centers and remarkable results in luminous efficiency. 8−10 However, because of the introduction of activators, the decay time of their fluorescence is greatly increased.…”

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals: next-generation scintillation materials for high-resolution X-ray imaging

“…2. 36 In the first stage, the initial excitations are produced by the interaction between ionizing particles and scintillators. The X-ray photons possess high energy, leading to the generation of deep holes (h + ) and hot electrons (e -) in the inner core band and conduction band (CB), respectively.…”

“…LY (in photons/MeV) is a key parameter for the description of scintillating efficiency, can be expressed by the following equation 36 :…”

PbI2–TiO2 Bulk Heterojunctions with Long-Range Ordering for X-ray Detectors

“…In a typical bulk semiconductor material, incident high-energy X-ray photons interact with heavy atoms to generate both deep holes at inner-core bands and hot electrons in conduction bands mostly due to photoelectric absorption and Compton scattering. − These hot electrons and holes progressively lose their energies and populate secondary electrons until the energies are insufficient to ionize nearby lattice atoms; eventually, those low-energy carriers are transported and collected by the electrodes under an applied working bias and generate X-ray photocurrents. However, these charge carriers also quickly relax to low-energy excitons and then recombine.…”