Scientists discover how helicobacter survives gastric acid

Berger, Abi

doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7230.268

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The bacteria neutralize stomach acids and cause gastric ulcer when they penetrate the gastric mucous lining [168]. Two types of H. pylori may be found in the gastric or mucosal lining: coccoid type and helical type [169, 170].…”

Section: Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Epithelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Singh

Jha

2017

Journal of Oncology

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Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (GC). The persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. About 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, H. pylori and EBV. Approximately 180 per hundred thousand population is developing GC along with many gastric abnormalities. This makes GC the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although lots of research are carried out individually for EBV and H. pylori, still there are very few reports available on coinfection of both pathogens. Recent studies suggested that EBV and H. pylori coinfection increases the occurrence of GC as well as the early age of GC detection comparing to individual infection. The aim of this review is to present status on coinfection of both pathogens and their association with GC.

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Section: Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Epithelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Singh

Jha

2017

Journal of Oncology

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“…Primary H. pylori infection occurs during early childhood, with most adults in developing countries eventually becoming carriers [ 3 4 ]. Although the stomach is considered a sterile organ because of the acidic conditions (pH<4) [ 5 ], H. pylori can survive in the human stomach by activating a cytoplasmic urease, which converts urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia and thereby increases the pH of the environment [ 6 ]. The urease test used to diagnose H. pylori infection is based on this activity of the microbe: the urease test uses phenol red, which changes from yellow to pink or red as the pH increases [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Gastric pH andHelicobacter pyloriInfection in Children

Seo

Park

et al. 2015

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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PurposeTo assess gastric pH and its relationship with urease-test positivity and histological findings in children with Helicobacter pylori infection.MethodsFasting gastric juices and endoscopic antral biopsy specimens were collected from 562 children and subjected to the urease test and histopathological examination. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups: 0-4, 5-9, and 10-15 years. The histopathological grade was assessed using the Updated Sydney System, while the gastric juice pH was determined using a pH meter.ResultsThe median gastric juice pH did not differ significantly among the age groups (p=0.655). The proportion of individuals with gastric pH >4.0 was 1.3% in the 0-4 years group, 6.1% in the 5-9 years group, and 8.2% in 10-15 years (p=0.101). The proportions of moderate and severe chronic gastritis, active gastritis, and H. pylori infiltration increased with age (p<0.005). Urease-test positivity was higher in children with hypochlorhydria (77.8%) than in those with normal gastric pH (31.7%) (p<0.001). Chronic and active gastritis were more severe in the former than the latter (p<0.001), but the degree of H. pylori infiltration did not differ (20.9% vs. 38.9%; p=0.186).ConclusionGastric pH while fasting is normal in most children regardless of age. Urease-test positivity may be related to hypochlorhydria in children, and hypochlorhydria is in turn related to H. pylori infection.

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“…This view dramatically changed with the discovery of the Gram-negative bacterium H. pylori in the 1980’s by Warren and Marshall 60 , that is a carcinogenic bacterial pathogen infecting the stomach of more than one-half of the world’s human population. This human pathogen is able to survive in the highly acidic environment within the stomach by producing cytoplasmic urease that, by catalysing the hydrolysis of urea into CO 2 and NH 4 , produces a neutralizing ammonia cloud around it 19 , 61 , 62 . However, most H. pylori avoid the acidic environment of the gastric lumen by swimming towards the mucosal cell surface (using their polar flagella and chemotaxis mechanisms) and may adhere and invade the gastric mucosal epithelial cells 63 , 64 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear machine learning pattern recognition and bacteria-metabolite multilayer network analysis of perturbed gastric microbiome

Durán¹,

Ciucci²,

Palladini

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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The stomach is inhabited by diverse microbial communities, co-existing in a dynamic balance. Long-term use of drugs such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), or bacterial infection such as Helicobacter pylori, cause significant microbial alterations. Yet, studies revealing how the commensal bacteria re-organize, due to these perturbations of the gastric environment, are in early phase and rely principally on linear techniques for multivariate analysis. Here we disclose the importance of complementing linear dimensionality reduction techniques with nonlinear ones to unveil hidden patterns that remain unseen by linear embedding. Then, we prove the advantages to complete multivariate pattern analysis with differential network analysis, to reveal mechanisms of bacterial network re-organizations which emerge from perturbations induced by a medical treatment (PPIs) or an infectious state (H. pylori). Finally, we show how to build bacteria-metabolite multilayer networks that can deepen our understanding of the metabolite pathways significantly associated to the perturbed microbial communities.

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Scientists discover how helicobacter survives gastric acid

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Association between Gastric pH andHelicobacter pyloriInfection in Children

Nonlinear machine learning pattern recognition and bacteria-metabolite multilayer network analysis of perturbed gastric microbiome

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