Scientific substantiation of technological aspects of production of high-protein fodder plant material from perennial legumes

Abstract

Purpose. To ensure the maximum realization of the productive potential of legumes in the production of fodder plant material with a high content of crude protein. Methods. Generally accepted widely approved methods of research work on fodder production, dialectical method of scientific knowledge, observation, comparison, abstract logical and statistical-mathematical analysis. Results. Different intensities of ontogenesis, dynamics of green mass and dry matter accumulation and parameters of the qualitative composition of perennial legumes were studied. Critical microstages of development were identified, when the crude protein content in the dry matter of plants decreased below 20.0%. For tall legume species, it was 49 microstage of development, which corresponds to the complete budding of plants, and for small species - 5-9 microstages of development, which corresponds to the beginning of flowering. The technological model of production of fodder raw materials from perennial legumes with an assessment of the levels of fodder productivity and quality indicators of plant raw materials was theoretically substantiated. It was found that foliar feeding of legumes with biological products Nanovit Humino Max, Nanovit Amino Max and Vitazim Bio at a dose of 1 l/ha against the background of local application of N60P60K60 in the rows during sowing of legumes provided 3 mowing per season with a significant advantage of the productivity of the studied species over the control. The increase in green mass was 12.3-31.0 t/ha, which is 27.5-70.1% more than in the control, and the increase in dry matter was 2.8-5.9 t/ha, or 29.7-66.2% more. Conclusions. The developed model of technology for growing perennial legumes provides an optimal balance between high productivity and quality of plant raw materials. It has been proven that foliar fertilization with biological products in combination with local fertilization provides a significant increase in the yield of green mass, dry matter and crude protein content. The use of an innovative fertilizer system in combination with a system of use differentiated by macrostages of plant development contributes to a significant increase in the fodder productivity of legume plant material for the preparation of high-quality feed with a high crude protein content.