Scientific Statement: Socioecological Determinants of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

1. Promoting Health and Reducing Disparities in Populations

“…Given the tremendous burden that obesity, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, and smoking place on the health of patients with diabetes, efforts are needed to address and change the societal determinants of these problems (41). The ADA recognizes the association between social and environmental factors and the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes and has issued a call for research that seeks to better understand how these social determinants influence behaviors and how the relationships between these variables might be modified for the prevention and management of diabetes (42).…”

“…The risk for type 2 diabetes is increased twofold in those with FI (42). Therefore, in people with FI, interventions should focus on preventing diabetes.…”

Coronary Risk Estimation according to the Framingham-Wilson Score and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Adult Subjects from Maracaibo city, Venezuela

“…Although the presence of IFG has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk through its association with comorbities such as dyslipidemia and hypertension [49], several studies have proposed possible mechanisms which chronic IFG may trigger endothelial dysfunction, or at least, play a role in atherogenesis by increasing production of reactive oxygen species [50], advanced glycation endproducts [51], and inducing low-grade inflammation [52]. Likewise, elements such as physical inactivity, lipid-rich and carbohydraterich diets have been linked with prediabetic states [53], yet few studies explore the relationship of these sociodemographic aspects with cardiovascular risk. A previous report by our research group described the influence of variables such as socioeconomic status on cardiovascular risk [25].…”

Guiding diabetes screening and prevention: rationale, recommendations and remaining challenges

“…These socioecological factors -individual factors, behavioral settings, sectors of influence and social norms -all influence individual choices in dietary intake and physical activity and, thus, pose a potential deterrent or perhaps facilitator of translation [183,184].…”