Scientific review on Tuberculosis in wildlife in the EU

Gavin, Wilson; Jennifer, Broughan; Mark, Chambers; Richard, Clifton‐Hadley; Tim, Crawshaw; Fuente, José de la; Richard, Delahay; Gavier‐Widén, Dolores; Gortázar, Christian; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Vicky, Jackson; Paz, María Fidéliz de la; Aleksija, Neimanis; Javier, Salguero Francisco; Vicente, Joaquı́n; Alastair, Ward; McDonald, Robbie A.

doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2009.en-12

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 300 publications

(524 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From the limited number of reports, it is clear that infection is highly clustered within certain localities. In red deer, prevalence estimates, again based on 20 or more animals, range from 1% to 27%; in roe deer, from 0% to 3%; in fallow deer, from 3% to 21%; in muntjac there was a single estimate of 5%; and in sika and sika crosses another single estimate of 4% (Wilson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, major susceptible species include badgers (Murhead and Burns, 1974;Barrow and Gallagher, 1981;Little et al, 1982a,b;Caffrey, 1994) red, roe and fallow deer (Clifton-Hadley and Wilesmith, 1991;Bode, 1995;Delahay et al, 2002Delahay et al, , 2007Parra et al, 2006;OIE, 2007), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and feral pig (Di Marco et al, 2008). Isolation of M. bovis from wild boar is commonplace in Europe (Biolatti et al, 1992;Schultz et al, 1992;Aranaz et al, 1996;Serraino et al, 1999;Pavlik et al, 2002;Machackova et al, 2003;Duarte et al, 2008;Gort azar et al, 2008;Wilson et al, 2009). Also susceptible are red fox (Mart ın-Atance et al, 2005;Delahay et al, 2007), mink (Delahay et al, 2002), ferret (Delahay et al, 2002), stoats , rats (Delahay et al, 2002), field vole (Delahay et al, 2002), moles , squirrels , otters (Stephens, 1957) and Iberian lynx (Briones et al, 2000).…”

Section: Susceptible Animal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence figures range from 1% to 63%. Most reports came from Mediterranean countries and the highest prevalence was recorded in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula (Wilson et al, 2009;Vicente et al, 2013).…”

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In carnivores, such as the fox, domestic cat and Iberian lynx, prevalence estimates based on 20 or more animals range from 1% to 17%; similarly, in mustelids (excluding badgers) from 1% to 4%; in rodents, from 1% to 3%; in insectivores (the mole), 1%; in herbivores (the chamois), less than 1% (Wilson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In maintenance hosts, other than cattle, the prevalence of infection and the severity of the disease vary with species (Wilson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bovine tuberculosis

More¹,

Bøtner²,

Butterworth³

et al. 2017

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bovine tuberculosis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of bovine tuberculosis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of bovine tuberculosis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to bovine tuberculosis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, bovine tuberculosis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria as in Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (b), (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The main animal species to be listed for bovine tuberculosis according to Article 8(3) criteria are several mammal species, as indicated in the present opinion.

show abstract

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Susceptible Animal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In maintenance hosts, other than cattle, the prevalence of infection and the severity of the disease vary with species (Wilson et al, 2009).…”

Section: Article 7(a)(ii) the Morbidity And Mortality Rates Of The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bovine tuberculosis

More¹,

Bøtner²,

Butterworth³

et al. 2017

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Characterization and management of interaction risks between livestock and wild ungulates on outdoor pig farms in Spain

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background To control the transmission of relevant shared diseases, such as animal tuberculosis (TB) and African swine fever (ASF), it is essential to reduce the risk of interaction between livestock and wild ungulates. In Eastern and Central Europe, the current spread of ASF virus affecting wild boar and domestic pigs (especially those raised outdoors and/or in backyards) has devastated the pig sector in affected regions and is seriously threatening other exporting countries. Here, we evaluated the risk of wildlife-livestock interactions on 45 outdoor pig farms in Spain, the second largest pork producer in the EU and then proposed biosecurity-related actions. An integrated, systematic wildlife risk mitigation protocol based on interviews, questionnaires and field audits was developed and applied on each farm. Results Most of the interaction risk points were associated with water sources (84.2%; 701/832), mainly springs and ponds, which accounted for almost all the specific points with high or very high risk scores. The risk of interaction at feeding points (6.9%; 57/832) and those associated with facilities for livestock and/or game management (8.9%; 74/832) were rated as low and very low risk, respectively. Wild boar were present and hunted on 69% of the farms. Supplementary feeding for wild ungulate species (mainly wild boar) was provided on almost half (48.9%; 22/45) the surveyed farms. Risk mitigation actions were categorised to target water access, waterers, food, other livestock species, grazing, wildlife, and offal disposal. Of the total number of actions (n = 2016), 82.7% were identified as priority actions while 17.3% represented alternative options which were identified less cost-effective. On average, 37.1 (median: 32; range 14–113) action proposals per study farm were made and 2.0 (median: 1; range 0–4) per risk point. The mean estimated cost of implementing the proposed priority actions was 14,780 €/farm (25.7 €/hectare and 799.4 €/risk point). Conclusions This study expands the knowledge of interaction risks between domestic pigs and wild ungulates in outdoor pig farming systems and highlights the importance of considering local risks and management practices when designing and prioritising adapted wildlife risk mitigation and biosecurity actions. This practical and feasible protocol developed for Mediterranean ecosystems is easily transferable to professionals and can be adapted to extensive (outdoor) production or epidemiological systems in other European regions.

show abstract

Detection of Antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis in Oral Fluid from Eurasian Wild Boar

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The presence of Mycobacterium bovis and other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is a main concern in wildlife populations such as the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). Tests detecting antibodies against the MTC are valuable for tuberculosis (TB) monitoring and control and particularly useful in suids. The development of accurate, efficient, and non-invasive new tools to detect exposure to MTC would be highly beneficial for improving disease surveillance. This study aimed to determine if antibodies against MTC could be detected in oral fluid (OF) samples by a new ELISA test (IgG detection) from naturally TB-infected wild boar. For this, individual, paired serum and OF samples were collected from 148 live wild boar in two TB-status areas from Spain and quantitatively used to validate the new ELISA test. Antibodies against MTC were widely detected in OF samples, for which a significant positive correlation (r = 0.83) was found with the validated serology test. OF ELISA sensitivity and specificity were 67.3% and 100%, respectively. The results of this work suggest that OF samples have the potential to be used for MTC diagnosis as a further step in TB surveillance and control in suid populations. Based on our results, further research is warranted and could be performed using non-invasive new tools directly in field conditions to detect exposure to MTC.

show abstract

Scientific review on Tuberculosis in wildlife in the EU

Cited by 3 publications

References 300 publications

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bovine tuberculosis

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bovine tuberculosis

Characterization and management of interaction risks between livestock and wild ungulates on outdoor pig farms in Spain

Detection of Antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis in Oral Fluid from Eurasian Wild Boar

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About