Scientific review on African Horse Sickness

Boinas, Fernando; Calistrib, Paolo; Domingo, Mariano Cuesta; Avilés, Marta Martínez; López, Beatriz Martínez; Sánchez, Belen Rodríguez; Sánchez‐Vizcaíno, José Manuel

doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2009.en-4

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…AHSV can cause a highly lethal disease in horses, and the virus can infect all equine species, with AHSV-9 being less dependent on the zebra reservoir than others [15][16][17]. Other hosts include goats, elephants, camels, dogs, ferrets, and wild carnivores have also shown exposure through antibody responses, but it is unknown what, if any, role they play in the enzootic cycle of the virus [9,15]. The non-equid species surveyed are likely dead-end hosts, or have nonspecific antibody reactions, while dogs may be exposed most often by ingestion of contaminated meat [17][18][19].…”

Section: African Horse Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zebras generally are asymptomatically infected and are presumed to be the reservoir host in parts of Africa [12,[17][18][19][20][21]. The disease is non-contagious and is transmitted by at least two species of biting midges, Culicoides imicola throughout the range in Africa and C. bolitinos also playing a role in South Africa [6,15,16]. These midges can cause spread over local distances of a few kilometers; however, spread over long distances is primarily due to movement of infected mammalian host species, with asymptomatic animals playing a large role in the spread of disease [15,20].…”

Section: African Horse Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

Clemmons

Alfson

Dutton

2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animals provide food and other critical resources to most of the global population. As such, diseases of animals can cause dire consequences, especially disease with high rates of morbidity or mortality. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are highly contagious or transmissible, epidemic diseases, with the potential to spread rapidly across the globe and the potential to cause substantial socioeconomic and public health consequences. Transboundary animal diseases can threaten the global food supply, reduce the availability of non-food animal products, or cause the loss of human productivity or life. Further, TADs result in socioeconomic consequences from costs of control or preventative measures, and from trade restrictions. A greater understanding of the transmission, spread, and pathogenesis of these diseases is required. Further work is also needed to improve the efficacy and cost of both diagnostics and vaccines. This review aims to give a broad overview of 17 TADs, providing researchers and veterinarians with a current, succinct resource of salient details regarding these significant diseases. For each disease, we provide a synopsis of the disease and its status, species and geographic areas affected, a summary of in vitro or in vivo research models, and when available, information regarding prevention or treatment.

show abstract

Section: African Horse Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: African Horse Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary Animal Diseases, an Overview of 17 Diseases with Potential for Global Spread and Serious Consequences

Clemmons

Alfson

Dutton

2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While AHS is considered to be primarily an African disease, there have been a number of epizootic events that have occurred outside this region. The most severe of which occurred in Asia between 1959–1961, when AHSV serotype 9 (AHSV-9) spread throughout Afghanistan, Cyprus, India, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Syria resulting in the deaths of around 300, 000 equids [ 2 , 3 , 16 - 18 ]. This outbreak was followed by another epizootic of AHSV-9 in 1965 which spread throughout Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Spain.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of African horse sickness and its implications for Ireland

Thompson

Jess²,

Murchie³

2012

Ir Vet J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African horse sickness is an economically highly important non-contagious but infectious Orbivirus disease that is transmitted by various species of Culicoides midges. The equids most severely affected by the virus are horses, ponies, and European donkeys; mules are somewhat less susceptible, and African donkeys and zebra are refractory to the devastating consequences of infection. In recent years, Bluetongue virus, an Orbivirus similar to African horse sickness, which also utilises Culicoides spp. as its vector, has drastically increased its range into previously unaffected regions in northern Europe, utilising indigenous vector species, and causing widespread economic damage to the agricultural sector. Considering these events, the current review outlines the history of African horse sickness, including information concerning virus structure, transmission, viraemia, overwintering ability, and the potential implications that an outbreak would have for Ireland. While the current risk for the introduction of African horse sickness to Ireland is considered at worst ‘very low’, it is important to note that prior to the 2006 outbreak of Bluetongue in northern Europe, both diseases were considered to be of equal risk to the United Kingdom (‘medium-risk’). It is therefore likely that any outbreak of this disease would have serious socio-economic consequences for Ireland due to the high density of vulnerable equids and the prevalence of Culicoides species, potentially capable of vectoring the virus.

show abstract

“…There is partial antigenic relationship between each serotypes, with cross-reactivity of homologous antiserum to other subtypes in VN assay (cross-neutralization between types 1 and 2, 3 and 7, 5 and 8, and 6 and 9) [84]. Epidemiological survey in Ethiopia indicate that majority of outbreak occurred previously is serotype (9,8,6,4,2) which is characterized at laboratory level by viral isolation technique [14]. To control this circulating serotype attenuated monovalent freeze dried AHS vaccine produced and given ever year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%