Scientific results from the Viking ultraviolet imager: An introduction

Anger, C. D.; Murphree, J. S.; Jones, A. Vallance; King, Robert A.; Broadfoot, A. L.; Cogger, L. L.; Creutzberg, F.; Gattinger, R. L.; Gustafsson, G.; Harris, Frank; Haslett, J.W.; Llewellyn, E. J.; McConnell, Douglas; McEwen, D. J.; Richardson, E. H.; Rostoker, G.; Sandel, B. R.; Shepherd, G. G.; Venkatesan, D.; Wallis, D. D.; Witt, Gustav

doi:10.1029/gl014i004p00383

Cited by 50 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, satellite information has been used for the OI (557.7 nm) airglow emission during the early ISIS II mission [15], while a broad dayglow spectrum was obtained from instruments onboard the space shuttle [16]. Significant contributions to the early development of space-based atmospheric imaging were also made by Anger and colleagues, who published a series of papers detailing results from the Ultraviolet Imager onboard the Viking Spacecraft [17]. These studies focused on understanding auroral dynamics, while more recent studies using the OSIRIS instrument onboard the Odin spacecraft have investigated the airglow emissions and have included tomographic techniques [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of mesospheric airglow structures using two-station ground-based image measurements

et al. 2012

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A new methodology is presented to create two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) tomographic reconstructions of mesospheric airglow layer structure using two-station all-sky image measurements. A fanning technique is presented that produces a series of cross-sectional 2D reconstructions, which are combined to create a 3D mapping of the airglow volume. The imaging configuration is discussed and the inherent challenges of using limited-angle data in tomographic reconstructions have been analyzed using artificially generated imaging objects. An iterative reconstruction method, the partially constrained algebraic reconstruction technique (PCART), was used in conjunction with a priori information of the airglow emission profile to constrain the height of the imaged region, thereby reducing the indeterminacy of the inverse problem. Synthetic projection data were acquired from the imaging objects and the forward problem to validate the tomographic method and to demonstrate the ability of this technique to accurately reconstruct information using only two ground-based sites. Reconstructions of the OH airglow layer were created using data recorded by all-sky CCD cameras located at Bear Lake Observatory, Utah, and at Star Valley, Wyoming, with an optimal site separation of ∼100 km. The ability to extend powerful 2D and 3D tomographic methods to two-station ground-based measurements offers obvious practical advantages for new measurement programs. The importance and applications of mesospheric tomographic reconstructions in airglow studies, as well as the need for future measurements and continued development of techniques of this type, are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of mesospheric airglow structures using two-station ground-based image measurements

et al. 2012

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“…Any auroral limb data currently available either have been on much coarser tangent altitude scales or were measured tomographically. Satellite observations include those from Dynamics Explorer [Frank and Craven, 1988], Viking [Anger et al, 1987], HILAT [Meng and Huffman, 1984], and Polar BEAR [Schenkel et al, 1986] (also see Solomon et al [1988], Solomon [1989], , and Swenson et al [1990] Our interest is in understanding the spectral content and spatial distribution of the auroral emission being observed and to determine if unique spatial and energy characteristics of the aurora can be inferred from single scan limb observations. Four characteristics of the aurora determine its variation in luminosity with tangent altitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet plume instrument imaging from the LACE satellite: Analysis of broadband UV auroral limb data

Evans¹,

Strickland²,

Anderson³

et al. 1994

J. Geophys. Res.

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Southern auroral limb images have been recorded by the wide‐angle UV camera of the Ultraviolet plume instrument on board the Low‐power Atmospheric Compensation Experiment satellite. Tangent altitudes within each image have been determined using recorded stars along with the known position of the satellite. Range to the observed aurora has been determined by stereoscopic techniques using images of the same auroral forms collected over several seconds. An auroral model has been used in conjunction with simulated annealing techniques to fit two limb profiles taken from a single image. The auroral model provides altitude profiles of volume emission for the relevant features based on electron transport calculations starting with a user‐specified precipitating electron spectrum. Volume emission is then distributed within the observing region, followed by line‐of‐sight integration producing limb profiles. The fitting procedure provides distributions of the energy characteristics of the aurora over the relevant observing region. The results of the fitting process suggest that a quantitative description of the aurora has been achieved in terms of the most probable precipitating electron spectral characteristics and the spatial distribution of this precipitation.

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“…The primary data for this study are magnetograms from an array of magnetometers along the west and east coasts of Greenland [Friis-Christensen et al, 1985], electric field and ionospheric density measurements from the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar [Kelly, 1983], and images from the Viking satellite [Anger et al, 1987]. The images were taken once a minute during a greater than 30-min interval after expansion phase activity had moved poleward to the latitude of Sondrestrom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of substorm expansion and surge development

Lyons¹,

Beaujardière²,

Rostoker³

et al. 1990

J. Geophys. Res.

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We have used simultaneous magnetogram, radar, and Viking imager data from evening local time to study several substorm expansion phase onsets and an expansion phase auroral surge that formed near the radar field of view. At the onsets, auroral brightenings developed within the region of the electric field gradient of the Harang discontinuity, and if not already present, a westward electrojet began poleward of the eastward electrojet. Immediately following onsets, the poleward boundary of the westward electrojet moved poleward along with the poleward boundary of the aurora; however, no consistent motion of the Harang discontinuity was found in the ionosphere. The auroral surge formed along the poleward boundary of the westward electrojet (and of the aurora). We argue that the distortion of the poleward boundary of the aurora associated with the surge was a manifestation of a distortion of the separatrix between open and closed magnetic field lines, the distortion being caused by the field‐aligned currents within the head of the surge. We suggest that rapid surge development may result from a tapping of the westward electrojet current at the surge head. We also suggest that the separatrix distortion could lead to the escape of trapped plasma sheet particles along open field lines in the tail.

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Scientific results from the Viking ultraviolet imager: An introduction

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of mesospheric airglow structures using two-station ground-based image measurements

Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of mesospheric airglow structures using two-station ground-based image measurements

Ultraviolet plume instrument imaging from the LACE satellite: Analysis of broadband UV auroral limb data

Analysis of substorm expansion and surge development

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