Scientific response to a cluster of shark bites

Barnett, Adam; Fitzpatrick, Richard; Bradley, Michael; Miller, Ingo B.; Sheaves, Marcus; Chin, Andrew; Smith, Bethany; Diedrich, Amy; Yick, Jonah L.; Lubitz, Nicolas; Crook, Kevin A.; Mattone, Carlo; Bennett, M. B.; Wojtach, Leah; Abrantes, Kátya G.

doi:10.1002/pan3.10337

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…This is generally comparable to sonar surveys of natural areas of the GBR coast. In a sheltered bay in the Whitsunday Islands, Barnett et al (2022) encountered between 1 and 89 large fish per ~2km transect, with an average of 13, and encountered between 1 and 11 marine megafauna per ~2km transect, with an average of 6. These data are not directly comparable, as the extent, type, and scale of structurally complex habitat differ greatly between study areas.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gonzalez-Socoloske et al, 2009;Papastamatiou et al, 2020). The utility of sonar imaging in surveying mobile marine fauna has been trailed and tested successfully, including on known tethered or captive animal targets, demonstrating that consumer grade side-scan sonar can detect entire body structures of fish and sharks, including fine structures like caudal, pelvic and pectoral fins (Fleming et al, 2018;Barnett et al, 2022). This technique is unlikely to provide effective detection of smaller animals, invertebrates, and highly bottom associated mobile marine fauna.…”

Section: Sonar Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sonar surveys in stocked ponds can yield fish abundance estimates within 10% of traditional mark-recapture estimates (Fleming et al, 2018). A preliminary methodology for mobile marine fauna community surveys has recently been developed (Barnett et al, 2022). A Garmin Echomap Ultra 125 side-imaging device was used at 1070 kHz, at a boat speed of 4-6 knots.…”

Section: Sonar Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only fauna in the water column directly under the boat were recorded, side imaging was not used to detect fauna in the swath on either side of the boat, as these are not easily distinguished from the benthos. Following the broad typologies developed in Barnett et al (2022), we used the following categories; small fish, large fish and megafauna (see Figure 2). The movement and orientation of the animal, gas in the swim bladder and boat speed, will all affect the size and intensity of returned signal (Horne, 2000;Fleming et al, 2018), so only broad categories like these can be used with confidence.…”

Section: Sonar Processing and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban-industrial seascapes can be abundant and dynamic fish habitat

Bradley

Sheaves²,

Waltham³

2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Urban-industrial seascapes are prevalent around the world, yet we lack a basic understanding of how the mosaic of different habitats in these areas are used by mobile marine fauna, including features such as industrial ports and marinas. Urbanised areas have been alternately characterised in scientific literature as degraded, depauperate, or in some cases diverse and abundant. To advance our spatial and temporal understanding of the community of mobile marine fauna in these areas, we used repeated sonar image sampling over large swathes of two urban-industrial seascapes, combined with underwater video. 2,341 sonar segments were captured across Mackay Harbour and the Pioneer River estuary (North Queensland, Australia). We used this information to generate a preliminary understanding of the ecology of these locations. We found that overall, urban-industrial seascapes can contain counts of mobile marine fauna similar to natural areas, and that these seascapes are characterised by dynamic diel shifts in the spatial arrangement of mobile marine fauna in the water column. At night, large fish are prevalent in the water column, while during the day, assemblages are dominated by small fish. Within these urban-industrial seascapes, deeper areas containing heavy infrastructure such as ports can harbour large densities of fish, including heavily targeted fisheries species. These areas deserve recognition as marine habitat, are of consequence to fisheries, and have the potential to influence surrounding ecosystems. Important research questions remain regarding their impact on food webs and animal movement at larger scales.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sonar Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sonar Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sonar Processing and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban-industrial seascapes can be abundant and dynamic fish habitat

Bradley

Sheaves²,

Waltham³

2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Such incidents are rare, with a confirmed 73 unprovoked shark bites on humans worldwide in 2021 ( Accessed on 1 July 2022); however, the number of reported shark bite incidents and fatalities has risen since records began [ 2 ], causing increasing levels of community concern [ 3 ]. The negative impacts of these incidents has led to a variety of shark hazard mitigation measures being implemented that are predominantly designed to reduce the likelihood of ocean users being bitten [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Historically, most shark hazard mitigation measures were designed to kill target species, with less emphasis on minimising impacts on harmless species [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMART Drumlines Ineffective in Catching White Sharks in the High Energy Capes Region of Western Australia: Acoustic Detections Confirm That Sharks Are Not Always Amenable to Capture

Taylor

How

Travers

et al. 2022

Biology

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The management of human-shark interactions can benefit from the implementation of effective shark hazard mitigation measures. A Shark-Management-Alert-in-Real-Time (SMART) drumline trial in the Capes region of Western Australia was instigated after several serious incidents involving surfers and white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias). The project aimed to determine whether white sharks (target species), which were relocated after capture, remained offshore using satellite and acoustic tagging. Over a 27-month period, 352 fish were caught, 55% of which comprised tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier). Ninety-one percent of animals were released alive in good condition. Only two white sharks were caught; both were relocated ≥ 1 km offshore before release and moved immediately further offshore after capture, remaining predominately in offshore waters for the duration of their 54-day and 186-day tag deployments. Our results confirm that desirable animal welfare outcomes can be achieved using SMART drumlines when response times are minimised. The low target catches and the detection of 24 other tagged white sharks within the study area supported the decision to cease the trial. Our results reiterate there is no simple remedy for dealing with the complexities of shark hazards and reinforce the importance of trialing mitigation measures under local conditions.

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Living with the Sharks: A Multi-Methods Study Analyzing Human-Wildlife Conflicts as a Step Towards Coexistence (Réunion)

Pinel,

Denayer,

Bambridge

2023

Hum Ecol

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On the island of Réunion, a French overseas department located in the western Indian Ocean, a prefectorial decree taken by the authorities on July 26, 2013 has been reconducted for the past 10 years to forbid swimming and water-based activities, apart from the conditions set out in the injunction. This decision was the outcome of increased shark sightings and incidents causing, in particular, the deaths of 5 ocean users between 2011 and 2013. As a preliminary attempt to address the lack of empirical research on ocean users' social representations and their relationship to non-humans, this paper aims to primarily analyze thoroughly the issues of the acceptance of shark risk mitigation options. Data were gathered through a qualitative study that mobilized several ethnographic tools such as face-to-face semi-structured interviews, participant and non-participant observation as well as social media data survey. Results indicate that the many tensions generated by shark-human interactions (SHIs) on the island of Réunion are related to a lack of public consultation, thus calling the acceptance of the shark management strategy and the scientific recommendations into question. The findings may improve shark-human interactions management as we consider the management of risk as a process to develop a well-balanced way of living with the sharks where residual risk remains. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the management of human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) while the results tend to confirm the findings of many other studies showing that they are often rooted in human-human conflicts.

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Scientific response to a cluster of shark bites

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Urban-industrial seascapes can be abundant and dynamic fish habitat

Urban-industrial seascapes can be abundant and dynamic fish habitat

SMART Drumlines Ineffective in Catching White Sharks in the High Energy Capes Region of Western Australia: Acoustic Detections Confirm That Sharks Are Not Always Amenable to Capture

Living with the Sharks: A Multi-Methods Study Analyzing Human-Wildlife Conflicts as a Step Towards Coexistence (Réunion)

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