Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic saturated and unsaturated tertiary alcohols and esters with esters containing tertiary alcohols ethers (chemical group 6) when used as flavourings for all animal species

Westendorf, Johannes

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2966

Cited by 45 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Toxicological data for subchronic studies, from which NOAEL values could be derived, were available for octyl acetate [09.007] and ethyl acetate [09.001] in CG 1 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2013 ), 2‐ethylhexan‐1‐ol [02.082] in CG 2 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012a ), citral [05.020] in CG 3 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2016a ), linalool [02.013] and terpineol 28 [02.230] in CG 6 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012b ), 1,8‐cineole in CG 16 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012e , 2021a ), eugenol [04.003] and trans ‐anethole [04.010] in CG 18 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2011 ), cinnamaldehyde [05.014] in CG 22 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2017 ), benzyl alcohol [02.010] (EFSA FAF Panel, 2019 ) and methyl salicylate [09.749] in CG 23 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012f ), benzene‐1,3‐diol [04.047] in CG 25 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012g ), 1‐methoxy‐4‐methylbenzene [04.015] in CG 26 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012h ), myrcene [01.008] and β‐caryophyllene in CG 31 (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2016b ), and β‐caryophyllene oxide in CG 32 (EFSA CEF Panel, 2014 ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Regulation (EC) 1565/2000, flavourings evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) before 2000 are not required to be re‐evaluated by EFSA. b A mixture of ( E )‐ and ( Z )‐nerolidol was evaluated [02.018] (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012b ). c A mixture of cis‐ and trans‐linalool oxide (5‐ring) was evaluated [13.140].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the flowers of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (ylang ylang oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Bampidis¹,

Azimonti²,

Bastos³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the flowers of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (ylang ylang oil), when used as a sensory additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the essential oil under assessment is safe up to the maximum proposed use levels in complete feed of 1 mg/kg for chickens for fattening, 1.5 mg/kg for laying hens, turkeys for fattening and rabbits, 2 mg/kg for piglets, 2.5 mg/kg for pigs for fattening, 3 mg/kg for sows, 4.5 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep, goats and horses, 5 mg/kg for veal calves (milk replacer), fish, dogs and ornamental fish. For cats, the calculated safe concentration in complete feed is 1 mg/kg feed. The FEEDAP Panel considered that the use in water for drinking is safe provided that the total daily intake of the additive does not exceed the daily amount that is considered safe when consumed via feed. No concerns for consumer safety were identified following the use of the additive up to the maximum proposed use level in feed. The essential oil under assessment should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a skin and respiratory sensitiser. The use of the additive in animal feed under the proposed conditions of use was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Ylang ylang oil is recognised to flavour food. Since its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the flowers of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (ylang ylang oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Bampidis¹,

Azimonti²,

Bastos³

et al. 2022

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The FEEDAP Panel notes that they are aliphatic mono-or sesquiterpenes structurally related to flavourings already assessed in CG 3, 6, 8 and 31 and a similar metabolic and toxicological profile is expected. These lipophilic compounds are expected to be rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, oxidised to polar oxygenated metabolites, conjugated and excreted (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012a, 2016a. In particular, (Z)-isocitral, (E)-isocitral and exoisocitral are considered sufficiently structurally related to compounds already evaluated in CG 3 for use in food and/or feed as flavourings to consider that there is no concern for genotoxicity.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the fruits of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (litsea berry oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Additives¹,

Bampidis²,

Azimonti³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed ( FEEDAP ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the fruits of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (litsea berry oil), when used as a sensory additive (flavouring) in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that litsea berry oil is safe up to the maximum proposed use level of 125 mg/kg complete feed for ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated safe concentration in complete feed are 11 mg/kg for chicken for fattening, 16 mg/kg for laying hen, 14 mg/kg for turkey for fattening, 19 mg/kg for piglet, 23 mg/kg for pig for fattening, 28 mg/kg for lactating sow, 48 mg/kg for veal calf (milk replacer), 43 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep, goat and horse, 28 mg/kg for dairy cow, 17 mg/kg for rabbit, 47 mg/kg for salmon, 50 mg/kg for dog and 8.5 mg/kg for cat. The FEEDAP Panel also concluded that the use of litsea berry oil at the maximum proposed use level in water for drinking of 1 mg/kg is safe for all animal species. Simultaneous use in feed and water for drinking may lead to the maximum safe dose being exceeded. No concerns for consumer safety were identified following the use of the additive up to the highest safe use level in feed for the target animals. The essential oil under assessment should be considered as irritant to skin and eyes, and as a skin and respiratory sensitiser. The use of the additive in animal feed under the proposed conditions was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Litsea berry oil is recognised to flavour food. Since its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

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“…The FEEDAP Panel notes that they are aliphatic mono-or sesquiterpenes structurally related to flavourings already assessed in CGs 6, 31 and 8 and a similar metabolic and toxicological profile is expected. These lipophilic compounds are expected to be rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, oxidised to polar oxygenated metabolites, conjugated and excreted (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2012a, 2016c. These compounds were screened with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) Toolbox and no alerts were identified for in vitro mutagenicity, for genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogenicity and for other endpoints.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the leaves of Citrus × aurantium L. (petitgrain bigarade oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Additives¹,

Bampidis²,

Azimonti³

et al. 2021

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed ( FEEDAP ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an essential oil from the leaves of Citrus x aurantium L. (petitgrain bigarade oil), when used as a sensory additive (flavouring) in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the essential oil under assessment is safe up to the maximum proposed use level of 125 mg/kg complete feed for ornamental fish. For the other species, the calculated safe concentrations in complete feed are 10 mg/kg for chicken for fattening, 14 mg/kg for laying hen, 13 mg/kg for turkey for fattening, 17 mg/kg for piglet, 20 mg/kg for pig for fattening, 25 mg/kg for lactating sow, 43 mg/kg for veal calf (milk replacer), 38 mg/kg for cattle for fattening, sheep, goat and horse, 24 mg/kg for dairy cow, 15 mg/kg for rabbit, 42 mg/kg for salmon, 44 mg/kg for dog and 8 mg/kg for cat. The FEEDAP Panel considered that the use level in water for drinking is safe provided that the total daily intake of the additive does not exceed the daily amount that is considered safe when consumed via feed. Simultaneous use in feed and water for drinking may lead to the maximum safe dose being exceeded. No concerns for consumer safety were identified following the use of the additive up to the highest safe level in feed. The essential oil under assessment should be considered as irritant to skin, eyes and the respiratory tract, and as a skin sensitiser. The use of the additive in animal feed under the proposed conditions was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Petitgrain bigarade oil was recognised to flavour food. Since its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

show abstract

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic saturated and unsaturated tertiary alcohols and esters with esters containing tertiary alcohols ethers (chemical group 6) when used as flavourings for all animal species

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the flowers of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (ylang ylang oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the flowers of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson (ylang ylang oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the fruits of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (litsea berry oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil from the leaves of Citrus × aurantium L. (petitgrain bigarade oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)

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