Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation ofRhagoletis cingulata(Loew)

Abstract

The Panel on Plant Health undertook a pest categorisation of Rhagoletis cingulata for the European Union (EU). This pest is a member of a complex of five North American species, of which Rhagoletis indifferens is the only other crop pest. The two pest species have morphologically distinct adults, but similar larvae and both attack cherries. R. cingulata is currently present in eight Member States but its presence in eastern North America from Mexico to Canada implies that all the risk assessment area where its hosts occur is suitable for establishment. Adults have a limited capacity for flight, and spread is mainly by larvae present in traded fruit and pupae in soil. R. cingulata attacks all cultivated and wild cherries but is particularly damaging to late-maturing varieties, especially sour cherries. Even small infestations can cause losses because the quality requirements for marketing of cherry fruits indicate a threshold below 4 % for -worm-eaten‖ fruit in accordance with Commission Regulation 214/2004. The limited control measures available are similar to those for the native cherry fruit fly, R. cerasi, and are primarily based on insecticide sprays timed to kill adults, along with some cultural methods (e.g. netting and trapping). R. cingulata is listed in Annex IAI of Council Directive 2000/29/EC and its hosts are regulated in Annex IIIA with prohibitions for introduction in the Member States, in Annex IVAI with special requirements on soil and dwarfed plants that need to be considered and in Annex V indicating that host plants intended for planting are subject to plant health inspection before entry or movement within the EU.

Selective antibacterial activity of quercetin against Xanthomonas campestris

“…X. campestris에 의해 발병하는 고추 점무늬병은 고추 의 잎, 줄기, 열매 등에서 발생하지만, 주로 잎에서 발생하며, 병 반에는 황색띠를 형성하고 점차 확대되어 잎 전체가 황화되며 조기낙엽에 이른다. 노지재배인 경우 주로 7-8월경에 자주 발생 하며, 병원성 균인 X. campestris는 월동하며 지속적 피해를 일 으키는 것으로 알려져 있고, 감염된 고추의 30%까지 손실을 초 래하는 것으로 보고된 바 있다 [19]. 점무늬병의 발병초기에는 streptomycin에 의한 방제가 가능하지만, 최근 저항성 균 발생이 증가하여 방제효과가 낮아지는 문제가 자주 발생하고 있다 [20].…”