Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein

2013

EFS2

146

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. This Opinion describes the dietary requirements of infants and young children, compares dietary intakes and requirements in infants and young children in Europe and, based on these findings, concludes on the potential role of young-child formulae in the diets of infants and young children, including whether they have any nutritional benefits when compared with other foods that may be included in the normal diet of infants and young children. The Panel concluded on the levels of nutrient and energy intakes that are considered adequate for the majority of infants and young children, and evaluated the risk of inadequate nutrient intakes in infants and young children in living Europe. Dietary intakes of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), iron, vitamin D and iodine (in some European countries) are low in infants and young children living in Europe, and particular attention should be paid to ensuring an appropriate supply of ALA, DHA, iron, vitamin D and iodine in infants and young children with inadequate or at risk of inadequate status of these nutrients. No unique role of young-child formulae with respect to the provision of critical nutrients in the diet of infants and young children living in Europe can be identified, so that they cannot be considered as a necessity to satisfy the nutritional requirements of young children when compared with other foods that may be included in the normal diet of young children (such as breast milk, infant formulae, follow-on formulae and cow's milk).

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union

2013

EFS2

146

“…The applicant provided intake estimates based on protein intake data provided by the EFSA Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein (EFSA NDA Panel, 2012). In the EU, the average protein intakes of adults in absolute amounts range from approximately 67 to 114 g/day in men and from 59 to 102 g/day in women.…”

Section: Anticipated Intake/extent Of the Use Of The Nfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the data provided by the applicant, the levels of lysine and all other essential amino acids in rapeseed protein meet the amino acid scoring pattern recommended by the US Institute of Medicines (IOM, 2006). In addition, the applicant referred to FAO (1991) (WHO, 2007;EFSA, 2012). Using the most recent amino acid scoring pattern (EFSA NDA Panel, 2012) and a digestibility of 85 % from human studies, the PDCAAS of five batches of the NF has been calculated.…”

Section: Nutritional Information On the Nfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the safety of “rapeseed protein isolate” as a Novel Food ingredient

2013

EFS2

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of a "rapeseed protein isolate" (Isolexx TM ) as a novel food ingredient (NF) in the context of Regulation (EC) No 258/97. The NF is an aqueous extract with at least 90 % protein, isolated from rapeseed press cake originating from so-called canola varieties. The applicant intends to market the NF for the same food products, at similar concentrations and for corresponding purposes, as soy protein isolates. Total protein intake of "heavy" adult consumer may be estimated as the mean + 2 SD, i.e. 2.2 g/kg bw per day. The age group of 4 -6 years is estimated to have the highest protein intake on a per kg bw basis with a mean and 95th percentile intake of up to 3 and up to 4.73 g/kg bw per day, respectively. A significant part of these estimated intakes could come from rapeseed protein. The Panel considers that the risk of sensitisation to rapeseed cannot be excluded and that it is likely that rapeseed trigger can allergic reactions in mustard allergic subjects. The biological value of rapeseed and soy protein, determined by the PDCAAS, appears to be similar. The Panel notes the source and nature of the novel food, the absence of a nutritional disadvantage at the proposed uses and use levels, the low concentrations of potentially adverse components in the NF, and the absence of toxicologically relevant effects in subchronic studies with rats conducted with rapeseed protein isolates with similar compositions. The Panel concludes that rapeseed protein isolate is safe under the proposed uses and use levels. © European SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of a "rapeseed protein isolate". The novel food (NF) rapeseed protein isolate (Isolexx TM ) is an aqueous protein-rich extract from rapeseed press cake originating from the two Brassicaceae species, Brassica napus L. and Brassica rapa L., both so-called canola varieties. Canola varieties are characterised by their low content of erucic acid (≤ 2 % by mass in the oil) and glucosinolate content of below 30 μmol/g in the air-dried, oil-free meal. The albumin napin and the globulin cruciferin, are the two major storage proteins and represent the majority of proteins in rapeseed. The results from batch testing of twelve production batches showed compliance with the specifications as proposed by the applicant. The Panel considers that the information provided on the composition, specifications and stability and production process of the NF does not raise safety concerns.The applicant intends to market the NF essentially for the same food products, at similar concentrations and for corresponding purposes, as soy protein isolates, namely: a) as a source of protein, for example, in meal replacements (formula diets), protein drinks (including "dairy analogues")...

“…The Panel's opinion on setting DRVs for protein (EFSA NDA Panel, 2012d) concluded that a PRI can be derived from nitrogen balance studies. For healthy adults of both sexes, the AR was established at 0.66 g protein/kg body weight per day based on nitrogen balance data.…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PD-CAAS is based on comparison of the concentration of the first limiting indispensable amino acid in the test protein (mg/g protein) with the concentration of that amino acid in a reference (scoring) pattern (mg/g protein). The ratio is corrected for the true faecal nitrogen digestibility, as measured in a rat assay (WHO/FAO/UNU, 2007;Schaafsma, 2012 The Panel considers that during energy restriction, protein intakes should not be below the PRI for adults (EFSA NDA Panel, 2012d). However, the PRI of 0.83 g/kg body weight per day cannot be directly applied to overweight or obese individuals considering that PRIs are derived for healthy, normal-weight individuals with corresponding body composition.…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control

2015

EFSA Journal

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control. Total diet replacements for weight control are intended to induce a substantial energy deficit in overweight or obese adults who wish to lose weight and replace the whole diet in the context of energyrestricted diets for weight reduction. In this opinion, the Panel proposed a minimum protein content based on a Population Reference Intake for protein adjusted for the overweight or obese (75 g/day), a minimum carbohydrate content based on the obligatory glucose demands of the brain (30 g/day) and minimum contents of linoleic acid (11 g/day), α-linolenic acid (1.4 g/day) and micronutrients based on reference values established either by the Panel or by other scientific or authoritative bodies. Derived from the minimum content of macronutrients, the Panel proposed a minimum energy content of total diet replacements for weight control of 2 510 kJ/day (600 kcal/day). The Panel also advised on potential conditions and restrictions of use for these products. © European SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control. Total diet replacements for weight control are intended to induce a substantial energy deficit in overweight or obese adults who wish to lose weight and replace the whole diet in the context of energy-restricted diets for weight reduction.The guiding principle for providing advice on the essential composition of total diet replacements for weight control should be that products are safe and suitable when consumed as a sole source of nutrition for several weeks to months by overweight or obese adults in the context of energy-restricted diets for weight reduction. In order to avoid nutrient deficiencies, these products should, therefore, provide at least the Population Reference Intake or the Adequate Intake for adults of all indispensable nutrients. As Dietary Reference Values are generally established for healthy, normal-weight individuals, specific consideration has been given by the Panel in this opinion whether there was an increase in nutrient requirements in the overweight or obese or (rapid) weight loss leads to an increased nutrient loss and thus a higher requirement. The Panel also considered the extent to which different diet compositions impact on losses in fat-free mass, and on other adverse effects of weight loss diets, such as gallstone formation. The effectiveness of a product in terms of extent of weight loss was not in itself considered an appropriate determinant for the necessary composition of total diet replacements for weight control. ProteinThe Population Reference Intake of 0.83 g/kg body weight per day cannot be directly applied to overweight or obese indi...