Scientific evidence on the links between periodontal diseases and diabetes: Consensus report and guidelines of the joint workshop on periodontal diseases and diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation and the European Federation of Periodontology

789

852

The paper describes a simple matrix based on stage and grade to appropriately define periodontitis in an individual patient. The proposed case definition extends beyond description based on severity to include characterization of biological features of the disease and represents a first step towards adoption of precision medicine concepts to the management of periodontitis. It also provides the necessary framework for introduction of biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis.

Section: Authors' Interpretation Of Current Evidence Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interrelationship With General Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition

Tonetti

Greenwell

Kornman

2018

789

852

“…5 Because of differences in prevalence between type 1 and type 2 diabetes most of the evidence for its adverse effects on periodontal tissues is from patients with type 2 diabetes. 6 The level of hyperglycemia over time, irrespective of the type of diabetes, is of importance when it comes to the magnitude of its effect on the course of periodontitis. 7 There are no characteristic phenotypic features that are unique to periodontitis in patients with diabetes mellitus.…”

Section: Should Diabetes-associated Periodontitis Be a Distinct Diagnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and acquired conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 3 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions

Jepsen

Caton

Albandar

et al. 2018

Self Cite

390

294

“…Probable explanations for these associations may include oral hygiene neglect, shared risk factors and chronic inflammatory processes (Almeida, Fagundes, Maia, & Lima, 2018;Bartold & Marriot, 2017;Sanz et al, 2018). The existence of periodontitis may affect the individual's immunity, which can result in systemic infections due to the contribution of periodontitis to an increase in the global load of systemic inflammation (Almeida et al, 2018;Grønkjaer, 2015;Sanz et al, 2018). In a systematic review, Grønkjaer (2015) demonstrated that several observational studies on the association between cirrhosis and periodontitis are reported in the literature.…”

Section: Studies Have Indicated An Association Between Periodontitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontitis in individuals with liver cirrhosis: A case–control study

Costa

Lages

et al. 2019

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between liver cirrhosis and periodontitis. Methods This case–control study included 294 individuals, 98 cases with liver cirrhosis and 196 controls. A full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed and plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing were recorded. The association of risk variables with periodontitis was tested through univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, stratified by alcohol status. Results A high prevalence of periodontitis was observed among cases (62.2%) when compared to controls (41.8%). Individuals with cirrhosis presented a chance ~2 higher of having periodontitis than controls (OR = 2.28; 95% CI 1.39–3.78; p < .001). Significant variables associated with periodontitis in the final logistic models were as follows: (a) no/occasional alcohol use model—number of teeth up 14, age ≥45–55 years, male sex and smoking; (b) moderate and intensive alcohol use models—cirrhosis, number of teeth up 14, age ≥45–55 years, male sex and smoking. Conclusions An important risk association between liver cirrhosis and periodontitis was observed. Additionally, the intensive alcohol use significantly increased the risk for periodontitis.