Scientific considerations related to regulation development for CO2 sequestration in brine formations

Tsang, Chin‐Fu; Benson, Sally M.; Kobelski, Bruce; Smith, Robert E.

doi:10.1007/s00254-001-0497-4

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar to oceanic injection, cost and leakage are principal issues of geological sequestration which need to be resolved. Owing to the low density and viscosity and injection under supercritical conditions, the risks of CO 2 leakage through confining strata may be higher than currently injected liquid wastes ( Tsang et al 2002). In addition, the chemical interactions of CO 2 with the geological formations may have to be considered in formulating guidelines for appropriate regulatory and monitoring controls.…”

Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon sequestration

Lal

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

1,170

566

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Developing technologies to reduce the rate of increase of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from annual emissions of 8.6 Pg C yr -1 from energy, process industry, land-use conversion and soil cultivation is an important issue of the twenty-first century. Of the three options of reducing the global energy use, developing low or no-carbon fuel and sequestering emissions, this manuscript describes processes for carbon (CO 2 ) sequestration and discusses abiotic and biotic technologies. Carbon sequestration implies transfer of atmospheric CO 2 into other long-lived global pools including oceanic, pedologic, biotic and geological strata to reduce the net rate of increase in atmospheric CO 2 . Engineering techniques of CO 2 injection in deep ocean, geological strata, old coal mines and oil wells, and saline aquifers along with mineral carbonation of CO 2 constitute abiotic techniques. These techniques have a large potential of thousands of Pg, are expensive, have leakage risks and may be available for routine use by 2025 and beyond. In comparison, biotic techniques are natural and cost-effective processes, have numerous ancillary benefits, are immediately applicable but have finite sink capacity. Biotic and abiotic C sequestration options have specific nitches, are complementary, and have potential to mitigate the climate change risks.

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Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CO 2 may be injected in coal seams, old oil wells (to increase yield), stable rock strata or saline aquifers (Tsang et al 2002;Klara et al 2003;Baines & Worden 2004;Gale 2004). Saline aquifers are underground strata of very porous sediments filled with brackish (saline) water.…”

Section: Carbon Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon sequestration

Lal

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

1,170

566

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“…A one gigawatt coal-fired power plant produces 5-10 million tons of CO2 annually. Pruess et al simulate injecting nine million tons of CO2 into a 100 m thick geological formation for a 30-year plant lifetime, estimating the resulting subsurface "pool" of CO2 at roughly 120 km 2 , with bouancy flow increasing the areal extent by a factor of 1.4 (3,12). In the field, actual linear dimensions will be dependent on reservoir geometry.…”

Section: Regulatory and Legal System Demands For Geologic Sequestrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General risks from geologic sequestration (GS) arise from the large quantities of CO2 to be injected (millions to billions of tons annually), the long sequestration times required for any climate benefit, and the fact that CO2 will be buoyant in the subsurface. Potential hazards of GS have been identified in many different studies, (1)(2)(3), and can be broadly divided into local and global categories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research for Deployment: Incorporating Risk, Regulation, and Liability for Carbon Capture and Sequestration

Wilson

Friedmann

Pollak

2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

104

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Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) has the potential to enable deep reductions in global carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, however this promise can only be fulfilled with large-scale deployment. For this to happen, CCS must be successfully embedded into a larger legal and regulatory context, and any potential risks must be effectively managed. We developed a list of outstanding research and technical questions driven by the demands of the regulatory and legal systems for the geologic sequestration (GS) component of CCS. We then looked at case studies that bound uncertainty within two of the research themes that emerge. These case studies, on surface leakage from abandoned wells and groundwater quality impacts from metals mobilization, illustrate how research can inform decision makers on issues of policy, regulatory need, and legal considerations. A central challenge is to ensure that the research program supports development of general regulatory and legal frameworks, and also the development of geological, geophysical, geochemical, and modeling methods necessary for effective GS site monitoring and verification (M&V) protocols, as well as mitigation and remediation plans. If large-scale deployment of GS is to occur in a manner that adequately protects human and ecological health and does not discourage private investment, strengthening the scientific underpinnings of regulatory and legal decision-making is crucial.

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“…The monitoring requirement tends to be very limited. Nearly all the required monitoring (Brasier and Kobelski, 1996;Tsang et al, 2002) involves tests and well logs that focus on the mechanical integrity of the injection well and the conditions in the immediate vicinity of the well. The only exceptions are reservoir testing at one-year intervals to ensure continuing injectivity (i.e., formation permeability having not changed significantly), and recording of operational data, such as injection rates and pressures.…”

Section: Site Characterization and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative review of hydrologic issues involved in geologic storage of CO2 and injection disposal of liquid waste

2007

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The paper presents a comparison of hydrologic issues and technical approaches used in deep-well injection and disposal of liquid wastes, and those issues and approaches associated with injection and storage of CO 2 in deep brine formations. These There are considerable similarities, as well as significant differences. Scientifically and technically, these two fields can learn much from each other. The discussions presented in this paper should help to focus on the key scientific issues facing deep injection of fluids. A substantial but by no means exhaustive reference list has been provided for further studies into the subject.2

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Scientific considerations related to regulation development for CO2 sequestration in brine formations

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Carbon sequestration

Carbon sequestration

Research for Deployment: Incorporating Risk, Regulation, and Liability for Carbon Capture and Sequestration

A comparative review of hydrologic issues involved in geologic storage of CO2 and injection disposal of liquid waste

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