Scientific Baseline Information for the Potential Use of Hibiscus surattensis L against Malaria: Phytochemistry and Biological Studies

Abstract

Background and aim: Hibiscus surattensis L. is a medicinal plant widely used traditionally in Benin to treat malaria. This study was designed to investigate antiplasmodial activity, hemolytic power, acute toxicity, antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of H. surattensis.
 Methodology: Bioassay-guided isolation approach was adopted and extracts and fractions collected were continuously tested in vitro against Chloroquine-sensitive and field isolate strains of Plasmodium falciparum by immune-dosage of Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase. Hemolytic effect and acute toxicity of extracts were evaluated respectively on human erythrocytes and according to OECD guideline N°423. 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxyde radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity.
 Results and conclusion: The best antiplasmodial activity was obtained with ethanolic extract of H. surattensis L. against field isolate (IC50 = 5.03±0.31 µg/mL) and Chloroquine -sensitive (IC50 = 7.55±0.59 µg/mL) whereas aqueous extract exhibited moderate activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract shows progressive decrease of the antiplasmodial activity. Both extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, hemolytic power less than 1%. No mortality of rats was recorded with ethanolic extract at 2000 mg/kg body weight. Flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, and triterpenes are present in both extracts with tannins in the ethanolic extract. In summary, the extracts of H. surattensis have interesting antiplasmodial and antioxidant properties probably resulting from a synergetic action of their secondary metabolites, without toxicity effect on rats and human erythrocytes. These findings strengthen the traditional use of H. surattensis as antimalarial plants.
 Keywords: Hibiscus surattensis; antiplasmodial; antioxidant; toxicity; phytoconstituents.

Antimalarial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Sampare Leaves (Glochidion sp var. Biak) Against Plasmodium falciparum In Vitro

“…Larutan RPMI disterilkan dengan fiter 0,2 μm di dalam LAF. Setiap 100 ml RPMI di tambah 50 ml gentamicin, kemudian disimpan di kulkas 14,15 Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menghitung setiap 1000 sel darah ditemukan berapa sel plasmodium yang menginfeksi 16 .…”

Beninese Plant Extracts with Antiplasmodial Activity Select New Allele Variants Msp1 and Msp2 in Plasmodium falciparum

“…For example, a study conducted in southern Benin has reported that medicinal plant species such as Dissotis rotundifolia, Ehretia cymosa Thonn, Hibiscus surattensis L., Cola millenii K. Shum, and Costus afer Ker Gawl are commonly used by populations for malaria treatment [10]. Furthermore, the use of these medicinal plants as malaria remedies has been validated by in vitro evaluation of their antiplasmodial activity [11][12][13][14].…”

“…Subsequently, the drug-exposed and unexposed parasites were genotyped using Msp1 and Msp2 markers. 4) Beninese medicinal plants including Dissotis rotundifolia, Hibiscus surattensis L., Cola millenii K. Shum, and Costus afer Ker Gawl, which have been previously found to be active against asexual P. falciparum [11][12][13][14], were used. Furthermore, the crude extract of the antimalarial plant species Ehretia cymosa Thonn and a compound encoded CpE2, previously extracted from this plant (unpublished data), was screened.…”

“…Furthermore, the crude extract of the antimalarial plant species Ehretia cymosa Thonn and a compound encoded CpE2, previously extracted from this plant (unpublished data), was screened. Collection and identification of plant materials, as well as preparation of crude extracts, have been described in our previous studies [11][12][13][14]. In the current study, the crude extracts were dissolved in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to prepare the tested concentrations.…”