Scientific and Technological Foundations for Scaling Production of Nanostructured Metals

Lowe, Terry C.; Davis, Casey F.; Rovira, Peter M.; Hayne, Mathew L.; Campbell, Gordon S.; Grzenia, Joel E.; Stock, Paige J.; Meagher, Rilee C.

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/194/1/012005

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A key to commercializing conductor alloys for applications demanding high-volume production is to demonstrate continuous production methods. 30 Most recently, coil-to-coil C-ECAP has been demonstrated for low-melting temperature alloys, including aluminum and magnesium. 20 Coiling has been applied to produce AA6101 and AA6201 conductor alloys up to 12 mm in diameter.…”

Section: Scaling Up To Large Volume Production: Example Of Electrical Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercialization of bulk nanostructured metals and alloys

Lowe

Valiev

et al. 2021

MRS Bulletin

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Almost 30 years of research elucidating the mechanisms and reproducibility of nanostructuring has enabled the progressive emergence of reliable methods to manufacture bulk nanostructured metallic materials with superior properties. This article reviews examples of the use of nanostructured metals in engineered products that are currently commercially available, or will soon become available for specific biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and energy industry applications. The examples illustrate how the making and marketing of nanostructured materials follow similar development stages as other new advanced materials, but with additional challenges at each stage. Challenges include the difficulties of scaleup, intricacies of nanoscale characterization, the lack of consensus standards for product quality, competition with long-established conventional materials, regulatory hurdles associated with nanoscale technology, and consumer/user education on the virtues and limitations of nanostructuring. Finally, we discuss how the experiences to date with nanostructuring by various methods have established precedents that can guide manufacturing process development for advanced nanostructured metal and alloy applications.

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Section: Scaling Up To Large Volume Production: Example Of Electrical Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercialization of bulk nanostructured metals and alloys

Lowe

Valiev

et al. 2021

MRS Bulletin

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“…During the last three decades, severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods have been successfully applied to achieve ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials, in the range between 100 nm and 1 µm, or even nanoscale structure in numerous pure metals and alloys [3,4]. Almost 20 years ago, the intention for a transfer of SPD to industry was disclosed [5,6]. However, no significant progress in that direction has occurred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the latter is based on nano-powder compaction, the first one is preferred because the material obtained presents advantages such as lack of porosity, reduced levels of impurities, and the possibility of scaling the process industrially, in terms of both the processing times and required investment [7,8]. Although High-Pressure Torsion (HPT) and Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) are the two most popular SPD process, and many other processes are constantly being proposed [9], Multidirectional Forging (MDF) has also the advantage of being easily scalable to industrial production [3][4][5][6]10]. MDF is based on the repetitive application of compression to a metal, while varying the deformation axis after each pass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Pre-Annealing on the Evolution of the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Aluminum Processed by a Novel SPD Method

et al. 2020

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A novel continuous process of severe plastic deformation (SPD) named continuous close die forging (CCDF) is presented. The CCDF process combines all favorite advances of multidirectional forging and other SPD methods, and it can be easily scaled up for industrial use. Keeping constant both the cross section and the length of the sample, the new method promotes a refinement of the microstructure. The grain refinement and mechanical properties of commercially pure aluminum (AA1050) were studied as a function of the number of CCDF repetitive passes and the previous conditioning heat treatment. In particular, two different pre-annealing treatments were applied. The first one consisted of a reheating to 623 K (350 °C) for 1 h aimed at eliminating the effect of the deformation applied during the bar extrusion. The second pre-annealing consisted on a reheating to 903 K (630 °C) for 48 h plus cooling down to 573 K (300 °C) at 66 K/h. At this latter temperature, the material remained for 3 h prior to a final cooling to room temperature within the furnace, i.e., slow cooling rate. This treatment aimed at increasing the elongation and formability of the material. No visible cracking was detected in the workpiece of AA1050 processed up to 16 passes at room temperature after the first conditioning heat treatment, and 24 passes were able to be applied when the material was subjected to the second heat treatment. After processing through 16 passes for the low temperature pre-annealed samples, the microstructure was refined down to a mean grain size of 0.82 µm and the grain size was further reduced to 0.72 µm after 24 passes, applied after the high temperature heat treatment. Tensile tests showed the best mechanical properties after the high temperature pre-annealing and 24 passes of the novel CCDF method. A yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 180 and 226 MPa, respectively, were obtained. Elongation to fracture was 18%. The microstructure and grain boundary nature are discussed in relation to the mechanical properties attained by the current ultrafine-grained (UFG) AA1050 processed by this new method.

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