“…As such, numerous studies (e.g., Muller et al, 2013;Alrutz, 2004;Buncick et al, 2001;Cleaves, 2005;Dorion, 2007Dorion, , 2009Ellington et al, 1981;Harvard-Project-Zero, 2001;Lyons, 2006;Maltese and Tai, 2010;Odegaard, 2003;Royal Society, 2004;Osborne et al, 2003;SATIS, 1986;Sloman and Thompson, 2010;Tai et al, 2006;Tobias and Hake, 1988;Wagner, 1998) have found that including a variety of activities and methods to engage students with different interests and experiences, providing an engaging classroom environment and allowing students to feel comfortable asking questions are important factors that can invoke interest in science and foster retention.…”