Science maps for exploration, navigation, and reflection—A graphic approach to strategic thinking

Abstract

The world of science is growing at an unprecedented speed with more and more scholarly papers produced each year. The scientific landscape is constantly changing as research specialties evolve, merge or become obsolete. It is difficult for researchers, research managers and the public alike to keep abreast with these changes and maintain a true and fair overview of the world of science. Such an overview is necessary to stimulate scientific progress, to maintain flexible and responsive research organizations, and to secure collaboration and knowledge exchange between different research specialties and the wider community. Although science mapping is applied to a wide range of scientific areas, examples of their practical use are sparse. This paper demonstrates how to use a topical, scientific reference maps to understand and navigate in dynamic research landscapes and how to utilize science maps to facilitate strategic thinking. In this study, the research domain of biology at Aarhus University serves as an example. All scientific papers authored by the current, permanent staff were extracted (6,830 in total). These papers were used to create a semantic cognitive map of the research field using a co-word analysis based on keywords and keyword phrases. A workflow was written in Python for easy and fast retrieval of information for topic maps (including tokens from keywords section and title) to generate intelligible research maps, and to visualize the distribution of topics (keywords), papers, journal categories, individual researchers and research groups on any scale. The resulting projections revealed new insights into the structure of the research community and made it possible to compare researchers or research groups to describe differences and similarities, to find scientific overlaps or gaps, and to understand how they relate and connect. Science mapping can be used for intended (top-down) as well as emergent (bottom-up) strategy development. The paper concludes that science maps provide alternative views of the intricate structures of science to supplement traditional bibliometric information. These insights may help strengthen strategic thinking and boost creativity and thus contribute to the progress of science.

Science maps for biogeography—The field's place within the sciences and its change over the past quarter century

“…The analysis comprised the following steps, evaluation of data sources, data extraction and preparation for analysis, mapping and visualization. A detailed description of the approach can be found in Skov (2021).…”

“…The inputs to the analysis were keywords, keyword phrases or composite keywords. The procedure follows Skov (2021) and comprises the following steps:…”

“…We do this using science mapping, focusing on keywords in biogeography papers. Science maps graphically locate bodies of research at specific times or dynamically by analysing the words used in a corpus representing the respective body of research (Cobo et al, 2011; Rafols et al, 2010; Skov, 2021: Figure 1). They are symbolic representations of topics or themes, with the symbols positioned so that elements with related or similar characteristics are located in close proximity, while elements that are dissimilar are positioned further apart (Rafols et al, 2010).…”

“…These maps show how the units of research (keywords, papers, researchers or research groups) are organized, linked and related. Within the field of biology, science maps have been used to analyse, for instance, climate change research over time (Haunschild et al, 2016), East Asian research on marine biodiversity from 1996 to 2015 (Kim et al, 2016), and the changing focus and organization of biology at a Danish University from 2000 to 2019 (Skov, 2021).…”

Root Canal Treatment: A Bibliometric Analysis

“…Bibliometric analysis is one method to overcome this difficulty, offering a microscopic perspective on the literature and projecting insights to the reader. This method can examine the characteristics and developmental processes of scientific outputs in a research field from a broad perspective [5]. This comprehensive article aims to elucidate the historical evolution, current concepts, and emerging trends in root canal treatment, encompassing diagnostic strategies, biomechanical preparation, obturation techniques, and adjunctive therapies.…”