repeat interventions, particularly considering we do not fully understand the impact of repeat interventions on patients' quality of life. There is a wide range of stone-free rates quoted in the literature for stone removal procedures. The imaging modality and timing of re-imaging are important determinants of stone-free status, with studies showing that computerized tomography is more sensitive for residual stone fragments than other modalities, thus resulting in lower stone-free rates. 1 Re-imaging following stone removal procedures is important to identify patients with residual stone fragments who may be at risk for disease progression or re-intervention. Despite the high prevalence of kidney stones, there is very limited literature on the natural history of residual fragments with a near absence of prospective trials, emphasizing the need for further investigation. Future studies to understand the impact of repeat interventions on patient quality of life would also be of benefit.