Results from cited studies have, when possible, been reported as relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). For readers who lack statistical experience, it could be of value to know that the interpretation of these numbers is fairly easy: 1.0 represents no increased or decreased risk, 2.0 represents doubled, or 100% increased risk. Thus, a HR of 0.62, which was the decreased 8-year CHD risk for every 3.4-point improvement in Mastery reported in Study 2, represents a reduced risk of 38 %.