Science in brief: Clinical news from the 8th ICEEP conference 2010: What more can we learn from haematology and serum biochemistry in athletic horses?

Jose‐Cunilleras, Eduard; Viu, Judit; McKenzie, Erica C.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00460.x

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…In equids, as well as in other groups of mammals, birth is a moment of physiological stress where many organic systems of the foal (respiratory, circulatory, etc.) undergo important changes that adapt them to a life ex utero [ 69 ]. This transition also implies a variation in the concentration values of the most important hormones [ 69 – 71 ] that regulate bone growth [ 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…undergo important changes that adapt them to a life ex utero [ 69 ]. This transition also implies a variation in the concentration values of the most important hormones [ 69 – 71 ] that regulate bone growth [ 72 ]. At the moment of birth, equid foals present low concentration values of growth and thyroid hormones [ 70 , 71 ], endocrine regulators that control several key growth factor signaling pathways to tune and stimulate skeletal growth [ 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the moment of birth, equid foals present low concentration values of growth and thyroid hormones [ 70 , 71 ], endocrine regulators that control several key growth factor signaling pathways to tune and stimulate skeletal growth [ 72 , 73 ]. At this moment, neonatal foals also show high levels of cortisol [ 69 ], a glucocorticoid that constrains bone growth in stressful conditions [ 72 ]. This hormonal scenario, hence, suggests an arrest of bone growth at the moment of birth, which, in turn, agrees with the presence of a rest line [ 23 , 54 ] such as the NL found in our sample ( Fig 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limb bone histology records birth in mammals

Nacarino-Meneses

Köhler

2018

PLoS ONE

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The annual cyclicality of cortical bone growth marks (BGMs) allows reconstruction of some important life history traits, such as longevity, growth rate or age at maturity. Little attention has been paid, however, to non-cyclical BGMs, though some record key life history events such as hatching (egg-laying vertebrates), metamorphosis (amphibians), or weaning (suggested for Microcebus and the hedgehog). Here, we investigate the relationship between non-cyclical BGMs and a stressful biological event in mammals: the moment of birth. In the present study, we histologically examine ontogenetic series of femora, tibiae and metapodia in several extant representatives of the genus Equus (E. hemionus, E. quagga and E. grevyi). Our analysis reveals the presence of a non-cyclical growth mark that is deposited around the moment of birth, analogous to the neonatal line described for teeth. We therefore refer to it as neonatal line. The presence of this feature within the bone cross-section agrees with a period of growth arrest in newborn foals regulated by the endocrine system. The neonatal line is accompanied by modifications in bone tissue type and vascularization, and has been identified in all bones studied and at different ontogenetic ages. Our discovery of a non-cyclical BGM related to the moment of birth in mammals is an important step towards the histological reconstruction of life histories in extant and fossil equids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limb bone histology records birth in mammals

Nacarino-Meneses

Köhler

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…To study these all these processes experimentally, Walker-256 tumour is a good experimental model of cachexia [9,10]. In addition, pregnancy causes physiological changes that ensure foetal growth and development until the term pregnancy and ensures an adequate energy supply to the foetus and after birth [11]. Additionally, during pregnancy, increased oxidative stress can cause pre-eclampsia and intrauterine foetal growth retardation [12], which may be promoted by tumour development [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucine-rich diet supplementation modulates foetal muscle protein metabolism impaired by Walker-256 tumour

Cruz

Marcondes

2014

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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BackgroundCancer-cachexia induces a variety of metabolic disorders of protein turnover and is more pronounced when associated with pregnancy. Tumour-bearing pregnant rats have impaired protein balance, which decreases protein synthesis and increases muscle breakdown. Because branched-chain amino acids, especially leucine, stimulate protein synthesis, we investigated the effect of a leucine-rich diet on protein metabolism in the foetal gastrocnemius muscles of tumour-bearing pregnant rats.MethodsFoetuses of pregnant rats with or without Walker 256 tumours were divided into six groups. During the 20 days of the experiment, the pregnant groups were fed with either a control diet (C, control rats; W, tumour-bearing rats; Cp, rats pair-fed the same normoprotein-diet as the W group) or with a leucine-rich diet (L, leucine rats; LW, leucine tumour-bearing rats; and Lp, rats pair-fed the same leucine-rich diet as the LW group). After the mothers were sacrificed, the foetal gastrocnemius muscle samples were resected, and the protein synthesis and degradation and tissue chymotrypsin-like, cathepsin and calpain enzyme activities were assayed. The muscle oxidative enzymes (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase), alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were also measured.ResultsTumour growth led to a reduction in foetal weight associated with decreased serum protein, albumin and glucose levels and low haematocrit in the foetuses of the W group, whereas in the LW foetuses, these changes were less pronounced. Muscle protein synthesis (measured by L-[3H]-phenylalanine incorporation) was reduced in the W foetuses but was restored in the LW group. Protein breakdown (as assessed by tyrosine release) was enhanced in the L and W groups, but chymotrypsin-like activity increased only in group W and tended toward an increase in the LW foetuses. The activity of cathepsin H was significantly higher in the W group foetuses, but the proteolytic calcium-dependent pathway showed similar enzyme activity. In parallel, an intense oxidative stress process was observed only in the group W foetuses.ConclusionsThese data suggested that the proteasomal and lysosomal proteolytic pathways and oxidative stress are likely to participate in the process of foetal muscle catabolism of Walker’s tumour-bearing pregnant rats. The present work shows that foetal muscle can be protected by supplementation with a leucine-rich diet.

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confidence: 99%