“…Many classrooms in industrialised and less developed countries lack essential conventional hands-on SEEMs (e.g., Childs, Tenzin, Johnson, & Ramachandran, 2012;Ens, Olson, Dudley, Ross, Siddiqi, Umoh et al,, 2012;Nivalainen et al, 2010;Singh & Singh, 2012). This may be explained by the fact that even in industrialised countries such as Germany and Japan, conventional SEEMs are costly, coupled with the fact that in many industrialised and less developed countries science education budgets have decreased (Poppe, Markic, & Eilks, 2011;Schaffer & Pfeifer, 2011;Set & Kita, 2014).…”