Science case for the Einstein telescope

Maggiore, Michele; Broeck, C. Van Den; Bartolo, N.; Belgacem, Enis; Bertacca, Daniele; Bizouard, M. A.; Branchesi, M.; Clesse, S.; Foffa, Stefano; García-Bellido, J.; Grimm, S. J.; Harms, J.; Hinderer, Tanja; Matarrese, S.; Palomba, C.; Peloso, Marco; Ricciardone, Angelo; Sakellariadou, Mairi

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2020/03/050

Cited by 904 publications

(733 citation statements)

References 248 publications

(332 reference statements)

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“…It is no surprise therefore that the only but solid evidence for DM interaction is so far of a purely gravitational nature. The advent of gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy provides a compelling case to understand further the behavior of DM in strong gravity situations [2][3][4]. Of particular relevance in this context are black hole (BH) spacetimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tidal effects and disruption in superradiant clouds: A numerical investigation

2020

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The existence of light, fundamental bosonic fields is an attractive possibility that can be tested via black hole observations. We study the effect of a tidal field -caused by a companion star or black hole -on the evolution of superradiant scalar-field states around spinning black holes. For small tidal fields, the superradiant "cloud" puffs up by transitioning to excited states and acquires a new spatial distribution through transitions to higher multipoles, establishing new equilibrium configurations. For large tidal fields the scalar condensates are disrupted; we determine numerically the critical tidal moments for this to happen and find good agreement with Newtonian estimates. We show that the impact of tides can be relevant for known black-hole systems such as the one at the center of our galaxy or the Cygnus X-1 system. The companion of Cygnus X-1, for example, will disrupt possible scalar structures around the BH for gravitational couplings as large as M µ ∼ 2 × 10 −3 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of particular relevance in this context are black hole (BH) spacetimes. In vacuum general relativity these are the simplest macroscopic object one can conceive of, and ideal to be used as testing grounds for the presence of new fields or extensions of general relativity [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal effects and disruption in superradiant clouds: A numerical investigation

2020

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“…We next consider third-generation (3G) ground-based interferometers currently under study, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) in Europe [228] and Cosmic Explorer (CE) in the US [229,230], that could start to be operative in the mid 2030s. These detectors will have the potential of exploring the Universe with GWs to truly cosmological distances, guaranteeing an extraordinary output in astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics [231,232]. For instance ET, even as a single detector, with be able to detect the coalescence of compact binaries with total mass (20 − 100) M , as typical of BH-BH or BH-NS binaries, up to redshift z ∼ 20 and higher.…”

Section: G Detectors: Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Table 7 (from [203]) we show some properties of a sample catalog, obtained assuming 10 yr of data taking. More counterparts could be obtained from future large telescopes that will be able to monitor large regions of the sky from the radio, optical to the X-ray (see [232,236] for discussion), although realistic estimates are difficult to obtain because they also depend on issues such as the prioritization that will be given to the follow-up of GW signals.…”

Section: G Detectors: Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity in the infrared and effective nonlocal models

Belgacem

Dirian

Finke

et al. 2020

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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We provide a systematic and updated discussion of a research line carried out by our group over the last few years, in which gravity is modified at cosmological distances by the introduction of nonlocal terms, assumed to emerge at an effective level from the infrared behavior of the quantum theory. The requirement of producing a viable cosmology turns out to be very stringent and basically selects a unique model, in which the nonlocal term describes an effective mass for the conformal mode. We discuss how such a specific structure could emerge from a fundamental local theory of gravity, and we perform a detailed comparison of this model with the most recent cosmological datasets, confirming that it fits current data at the same level as ΛCDM.Most notably, the model has striking predictions in the sector of tensor perturbations, leading to a very large effect in the propagation of gravitational wave (GWs) over cosmological distances. At the redshifts relevant for the next generation of GW detectors such as Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer and LISA, this leads to deviations from GR that could be as large as 80%, and could be verified with the detection of just a single coalescing binary with electromagnetic counterpart. This would also have potentially important consequences for the search of the counterpart since, for a given luminosity distance to the source, as inferred through the GW signal, the actual source redshift could be significantly different from that predicted by ΛCDM. At the redshifts relevant for advanced LIGO/Virgo/Kagra the effect is smaller, but still potentially observable over a few years of runs at target sensitivity. arXiv:2001.07619v1 [astro-ph.CO] 21 Jan 2020 4 Conclusions 66 A Difficulties of alternative nonlocal models 68 -1 -2 The Lichnerowicz operator is defined by E µν,ρσ ≡ 1 2, where 2 = η µν ∂µ∂ν is the flat-space d'Alembertian. We use the signature ηµν = (−, +, +, +) and MTW [14] sign conventions. 3 We assume here 3 + 1 spacetime dimensions. See [13] for the corresponding equations in d + 1 spacetime dimensions, with d generic.

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“…Binary systems of compact objects such as black holes and neutron stars emit tiny ripples in spacetime when they inspiral and merge together. The ground-based interferometric system LIGO-Virgo has been measuring several such events and a new generation of experiments, both ground-based and space-borne, will be taking life in the next two decades, among which KAGRA (Akutsu et al, 2019) has just begun operations, LISA (Amaro-Seoane et al, 2017) is unfolding an ambitious science program, and projects such as the Einstein Telescope (Maggiore et al, 2020) and DECIGO (Seto et al, 2001;Kawamura et al, 2011Kawamura et al, , 2020 are on the table. These interferometers will also open up the possibility to detect a stochastic GW background from the early universe, let it be from inflation, from cosmic phase transitions or from alternative scenarios.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Step in Gravity and Cosmology: Fundamental Theory or Data-Driven Models?

Calcagni

2020

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Science case for the Einstein telescope

Cited by 904 publications

References 248 publications

Tidal effects and disruption in superradiant clouds: A numerical investigation

Tidal effects and disruption in superradiant clouds: A numerical investigation

Gravity in the infrared and effective nonlocal models

Next Step in Gravity and Cosmology: Fundamental Theory or Data-Driven Models?

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