Abstract:The worldwide, extraordinary outbreak of coronavirus pandemic (i.e., COVID-19) and other emerging viral expansions have drawn particular interest to the design and development of novel antiviral, and viricidal, agents, with a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity. The current indispensable challenge lies in the development of universal virus repudiation systems that are reusable, and capable of inactivating pathogens, thus reducing risk of infection and transmission. In this review, science-based methods, mecha… Show more
“…Plasmonic photo-thermal heating has also shown promising results for the development of self-decontaminating respirators [ 19 , 20 ]. In addition, the antiviral effect of certain metals has been demonstrated using N95 respirators [ 21 ]. Specifically, the antiviral activity of copper is well-known [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”
Face masks will be used to prevent pandemic recurrence and outbreaks of mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains until mass immunity is confirmed. The polypropylene (PP) filter is a representative disposable mask material that traps virus-containing bioaerosols, preventing secondary transmission. In this study, a copper thin film (20 nm) was deposited via vacuum coating on a spunbond PP filter surrounding a KF94 face mask to provide additional protection and lower the risk of secondary transmission. Film adhesion was improved using oxygen ion beam pretreatment, resulting in cuprous oxide formation on the PP fiber without structural deformation. The copper-coated mask exhibited filtration efficiencies of 95.1 ± 1.32% and 91.6 ± 0.83% for NaCl and paraffin oil particles, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was evaluated by transferring virus-containing media onto the copper-coated PP filters and subsequently adding Vero cells. Infection was verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunochemical staining. Vero cells added after contact with the copper-coated mask did not express the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and envelope genes of SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid immunofluorescence results indicated a reduction in the amount of virus of more than 75%. Therefore, copper-coated antiviral PP filters could be key materials in personal protective equipment, as well as in air-conditioning systems.
“…Plasmonic photo-thermal heating has also shown promising results for the development of self-decontaminating respirators [ 19 , 20 ]. In addition, the antiviral effect of certain metals has been demonstrated using N95 respirators [ 21 ]. Specifically, the antiviral activity of copper is well-known [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”
Face masks will be used to prevent pandemic recurrence and outbreaks of mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains until mass immunity is confirmed. The polypropylene (PP) filter is a representative disposable mask material that traps virus-containing bioaerosols, preventing secondary transmission. In this study, a copper thin film (20 nm) was deposited via vacuum coating on a spunbond PP filter surrounding a KF94 face mask to provide additional protection and lower the risk of secondary transmission. Film adhesion was improved using oxygen ion beam pretreatment, resulting in cuprous oxide formation on the PP fiber without structural deformation. The copper-coated mask exhibited filtration efficiencies of 95.1 ± 1.32% and 91.6 ± 0.83% for NaCl and paraffin oil particles, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 inactivation was evaluated by transferring virus-containing media onto the copper-coated PP filters and subsequently adding Vero cells. Infection was verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunochemical staining. Vero cells added after contact with the copper-coated mask did not express the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and envelope genes of SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid immunofluorescence results indicated a reduction in the amount of virus of more than 75%. Therefore, copper-coated antiviral PP filters could be key materials in personal protective equipment, as well as in air-conditioning systems.
“…Recent research has shown that nearly 50 % of the coronavirus transmission can be prevented if the public and community at large follow the handwashing practice using hand sanitizers regularly. The compliance percentage may be enhanced by providing cost-effective and skin-friendly hand sanitizers with nanoparticles dissolved in soap solution to ensure excellent virucidal activity of the hand sanitizer [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] . Fig.…”
Section: Developments and Analyzing The Functionality Of Nano-materials Used In Fighting Covid-19mentioning
Nanomaterials like silver, iron, ceramic, graphene carbon nanotubes, etc. These are used to develop and create multifunctional materials to fight the corona virus. This work focuses on analyzing and discussing the developments of Nano-materials and their effectiveness in fighting and preventing the spread of the corona virus. The paper also analyses the use of Nano-materials in the development of vaccines and anti-viral drugs. However, the use of carbon-based materials like carbon dots and other forms of carbon has not only helped in increasing the protection levels in human life but also provided greater security and freedom for people to carry out day-to-day activities without any fear of being infected by the virus. The application of graphene-based materials for making unique face masks and germ trap technologies is presented. Nano-compounds blended with hand sanitizers have played an active role in the control of coronavirus along with soap-based liquids that are used for handwashing. Some of the Nano-materials like gold nanoparticles are extensively used in the making of detection devices like RT-PCR, etc. The use of Nano-polymer coatings has created a safe environment for users by preventing the spread of coronavirus through surfaces. Different coating methods used for the application of nanomaterials are explained with suitable technical interpretations The anti-viral efficiency of different coatings is also discussed through surfaces. Nano-materials and contributions from the synthetic biology area have helped to develop vaccines and anti-viral drugs which are presently used to cure and prevent the spread of coronavirus infected patients. The method followed in analyzing the Nano-materials and their applications mainly focused on tracing the development and applications of Nano-materials. This analysis proves and shows that Nano-materials are playing a vital role in fighting the corona virus
“…Figure 7 summarizes using PNC for therapy of Covid-19 by different ways [12]. The First approach may be done as antiviral agent [16]. For example, PNC coating may consist of pharmaceutically admissible salts of chlorhexidine, and a lubricating agent that does not significantly be adsorbed to the anti-infective agent.…”
In recent months, many scientists and engineers have tried to minimize and control coronavirus spreading by different techniques. These techniques usually focused on cutting the circlet of Covid-19 infection by both direct and non-direct ways. As a polymer composites widely used in everyday products, a short review of Polymer Nano-Composites (PNCs) for antiviral activity against Covid-19 has been achieved. Firstly, virus's structure, especially Covid-19 has been discussed. Then, different PNCs applications in biomedical that work against coronavirus have been presented and discussed. Also, comprehensive review of antiviral activity mechanisms have been reported with selected examples of PNCs and applications.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
