Schwann Cells in Digestive System Disorders

Abstract

Proper functioning of the digestive system is ensured by coordinated action of the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Peripheral innervation of the digestive system can be viewed as intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic portion is mainly composed of the neurons and glia of the enteric nervous system (ENS), while the extrinsic part is formed by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory branches of the PNS. Glial cells are a crucial component of digestive tract innervation, and a great deal of research evidence highlights the important status of ENS glia in health and disease. In this review, we shift the focus a bit and discuss the functions of Schwann cells (SCs), the glial cells of the extrinsic innervation of the digestive system. For more context, we also provide information on the basic findings regarding the function of innervation in disorders of the digestive organs. We find diverse SC roles described particularly in the mouth, the pancreas, and the intestine. We note that most of the scientific evidence concerns the involvement of SCs in cancer progression and pain, but some research identifies stem cell functions and potential for regenerative medicine.

Schwann cells promote the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells via the activated NF-κB/IL-8 axis in the tumor microenvironment

“…SCs were investigated in the precancerous stages of pancreatic and colon cancers, suggesting their specific affinity for cancer cells ( 11 ). Moreover, recent emerging insights indicated that, besides their functions in PNI ( 3 , 12 ), SCs could also promote tumor progression by acting directly on tumor cells ( 13 – 15 ) or interacting with other components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) ( 16 , 17 ). However, the role of the SCs in the development and progression of CRC remains poorly recognized.…”