Schulform, soziales Kapital und subjektive Gesundheit in der Adoleszenz

Abstract

The results show that, already in adolescence, inequalities in subjective health can be partly explained through socioeconomic differences in the availability of social capital. The settings family, neighbourhood and school provide ideal contexts for preventive actions and give the opportunity to directly address the high-risk group of students from general schools.

A systematic review of the relationships between social capital and socioeconomic inequalities in health: a contribution to understanding the psychosocial pathway of health inequalities

“…Stafford and colleagues [36] found a buffer effect for contact amongst local friends, but a negative effect for attachment to the neighbourhood on common mental disorders. A study from Germany developed a specific social capital index for eleven to fifteen year olds and reported the strongest effect of school and neighbourhood social capital on self-rated health for children with the lowest level of education [37]. …”

“…Secondly, there is an indication that social capital, especially bonding social capital between close relations or tight-knit communities, can buffer some of the negative effects of low socioeconomic status on health [33-37,40,43,60-64]. Studies confirming this hypothesis generally focussed on social capital measured at the individual level and most significant buffer effects were observed among deprived communities and ethnic minorities.…”

Is ethnic density associated with health in a context of social disadvantage? Findings from the Born in Bradford cohort

“…Qualitative research suggests that the neighbourhood social network is not just an added bonus, but is a necessity to cope with the negative influences of social disadvantage (Campbell and McLean 2003;Whitley et al 2006). While some research concludes that social capital can act as a buffer for social disadvantage in minority groups (Pearson and Geronimus 2011;Van Der Wel 2007;Bohn and Richter 2011), other studies show that social capital does not provide health benefits in the context of poverty (Gorman and Sivaganesan 2007;Beaudoin 2009). The latter argument is consistent with sociological theories on the interdependency of social, economic (income, assets) and cultural (education, skills, knowledge) capital that suggest a compounding effect of disadvantage rather than the amelioration of one disadvantage by the positive effect of another (Bourdieu 1986).…”

Soziale Determinanten der subjektiven Gesundheit, Lebenszufriedenheit und krankheitsbedingten Schulfehltage von Heranwachsenden in Deutschland: Erste Ergebnisse des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS)

“…Bereits im Kindes-und Jugendalter wird die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden von Heranwachsenden stark von sozialen Determinanten bestimmt [1][2][3]. Bisherige Studien zeigen hier in der Regel ein deutliches Muster: Kinder und Jugendliche, die einen Migrationshintergrund aufweisen [4][5][6][7] und einen anderen Schultyp als das Gymnasium besuchen [8][9][10][11], weisen eine schlechtere subjektive Gesundheitseinschätzung und eine niedrigere Lebenszufriedenheit auf. Für die Bedeutung der Familienkonstellation zeigten sich für die Gesundheitseinschätzung keine bis schwache [12,13], jedoch für die Lebenszufriedenheit eindeutige Zusammenhänge, zugunsten von Schülern, die bei beiden Eltern aufwachsen [14].…”