Schooling and swimming behaviors of Hyla semilineata tadpoles (Anura, Hylidae)

Abstract

Schooling and swimming behaviors of Hyla semilineata... ABSTRACTThe schooling behavior of Hyla semilineata Spix, 1824 tadpoles is described. Experiments were carried out both in the natural environment and under controlled conditions to quantify the constant movement of these tadpoles. Bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802), similar in size to the H. semilineata larvae, were used as controls in the experiments. Hyla semilineata tadpoles remained stationary for one sixth of the time that the bullfrog tadpoles did and the number of individuals of H. semilineata moving at any given moment was about seven times greater. The schooling behavior and constant swimming behavior of these tadpoles may enhance the effect of their warning coloration.

Reproductive biology ofArgenteohyla siemersi pederseniWilliams and Bosso, 1994 (Anura: Hylidae) in northeastern Argentina

“…This interpretation could also be possible for tadpoles of A. s. pederseni; however, this hypothesis needs to be tested. Black body colour may have an aposematic function (Heursel and Haddad 2002). Experimental data show that tadpoles with aposematic colouration are distasteful to certain vertebrates (Caldwell 1989;Heursel and Haddad 1999).…”

Video multitracking of fish behaviour: a synthesis and future perspectives

“…These behaviours are also reported in many other animal taxa such as selachians (Klimley 1985), cephalopods (Boal and Gonzalez 1998), crustaceans (Evans et al. 2007) and amphibians (d’Heursel and Haddad 2002). In collective behaviours of fish, gradients from swarm (unpolarized shoals) to school (polarized shoals) have been identified depending on the degree of polarization and the synchronization of speed (Pitcher 1983; Couzin et al.…”

“…It has been estimated that more than 25% of the approximately 27 000 species of teleosts adopt shoaling behaviours throughout their life, and over 50% do this as juveniles (Shaw 1978). These behaviours are also reported in many other animal taxa such as selachians (Klimley 1985), cephalopods (Boal and Gonzalez 1998), crustaceans (Evans et al 2007) and amphibians (d'Heursel and Haddad 2002). In collective behaviours of fish, gradients from swarm (unpolarized shoals) to school (polarized shoals) have been identified depending on the degree of polarization and the synchronization of speed (Pitcher 1983;Couzin et al 2002;Parrish et al 2002).…”

Reconhecimento de irmãos e coespecíficos em girinos de >i<Rhinella icterica>/i< e >i<R. ornata>/i< (Anura: Bufonidae)

“…Desse modo, a comunicação caracteriza um comportamento social (Townsend et al, 2003). Algumas espécies de girinos apresentam comportamento de agregação (e.g., Beiswenger, 1975Beiswenger, , 1977Wassersug et al, 1981;Eterovick, 2000;Izecksohn & Carvalho-e-Silva, 2001;Heursel & Haddad, 2002). As funções e benefícios atribuídos a esse comportamento incluem a diminuição da taxa de predação, devido à confusão causada ao predador e ao reforço do aposematismo, o aumento da taxa de forrageio e uma maior eficiência na termorregulação (Watt et al, 1997;Hoff et al, 1999;Eterovick, 2000;Hero et al, 2001).…”