Schooling and Citizenship in a Young Democracy: Evidence from Postwar Germany

Siedler, Thomas

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9442.2010.01604.x

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Previous research by Milligan, Moretti, and Oreopoulos (2004) and Siedler (2010) show that an increase in educational attainment improves interest in politics and civil participation in To summarize, we find that the severity of Holocaust decreases the individual's interest in politics, even after we control for educational attainment. Previous research by Bellows and Miguel (2009; and Blattman (2009) however shows that exposure to armed conflict increased the post-conflict political participation in Sierra Leone and Uganda, respectively.…”

Section: Political Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Long-Term Direct and External Effects of Jewish Expulsions in Nazi Germany

Akbulut‐Yuksel

Yuksel

2015

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.IZA Discussion Paper No. 5850 July 2011 ABSTRACT The Long-Term Direct and External Effects of Jewish Expulsions in Nazi Germany *This paper provides causal evidence on long-term consequences of Jewish expulsions in Nazi Germany on the educational attainment and political outcomes of German children. We combine a unique city-level dataset on the fraction of Jewish population residing in Germany before the Nazi Regime with individual survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Our identification strategy exploits the plausibly exogenous city-by-cohort variation in the Jewish population in Germany as a unique quasi-experiment. We find that the persecution of Jewish professionals had significant, long-lasting detrimental effects on the human capital and political development of Germans who were at school-age during the Nazi Regime. First, these children have 0.4 fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood. Second, these children are less likely to go to college or have a graduate degree. Third, they are less likely to have interest in politics as adults. These results survive using alternative samples and specifications, including controlling for Second World War, Nazi and Communist Party support and unemployment effects.JEL Classification: I21, I12, J24, N34

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Section: Political Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Long-Term Direct and External Effects of Jewish Expulsions in Nazi Germany

Akbulut‐Yuksel

Yuksel

2015

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy

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“…In relation to voter turnout, the results contribute to the accumulating evidence in which institutional changes are used, such as Milligan et al (2004) and Siedler (2009). The results from these studies have not been in full agreement.…”

Section: Robustness Check With An Alternative Formulation Of the Instmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…A study by Siedler (2009) This study estimates the effect of education on voter turnout in the long run. It contributes to the empirical evidence based on institutional changes by using the timing of a Norwegian staged school reform as an instrumental variable for education.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Length of compulsory education and voter turnout—evidence from a staged reform

Pelkonen

2010

Public Choice

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It is possible that human capital produces positive externalities to the society indirectly, through non-market channels such as health or crime. Another such channel could be the effect of education on the functioning of democratic decision-making. Measures of the functioning of democracy are bound to be controversial, but one such measure -voter turnout -reflects the engagement of people to democracy, and also receives a considerable amount of attention from social scientists as well as the media.A vast body of empirical research supports the conclusion that educated people have a higher tendency to vote in political elections. However, since the level of education is not assigned randomly, but is a conscious choice, the possibility remains that both education and political participation are determined by unobserved personal qualities or parental influences. So far few studies have been able to find and utilise an institutional change that would have produced experimental variation in the amount of schooling across individuals or groups of people and match it to data on voter turnout or other variables of civic engagement. The few recent studies that attempt this, end up with partly conflicting results.This study estimates the effect of education on voter turnout in the long run. It contributes to the empirical evidence based on institutional changes by using the timing of a Norwegian staged school reform as an instrumental variable for education. In contrast to previous studies, the Norwegian reform created relatively large individual level variation in the years of schooling at lower levels of attainment, as the minimum number of compulsory years was raised from seven to nine. The timing of the reform varied across Norway in a scattered fashion, and this variation appears to be quasirandom as it is difficult to find socio-economic correlates for it.To provide a robust view of the effects of the reform, the analysis is carried out at two levels.Firstly, by using survey data, the impact of the reform on voting in parliamentary elections is tested using individual level data two to four decades after the reform. To the extent that the survey responses can be trusted, this provides an ideal setting for the evaluation of the impact of education on voting. Since some assumptions regarding accuracy of the survey data cannot be fully tested, the analysis is also carried out at the municipality level, using data from up to two decades after the reform started. Municipality level turnout data is representative and accurately measured and also caters for potential behavioural externalities in voting behaviour.

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“…Neben den fiskalischen und individuellen Bildungsrenditen können soziale und gesamtwirtschaftliche Bildungsrenditen unterschieden werden. Letztere können in diesem Beitrag nicht weiter thematisiert werden (siehe Barro und Lee, 2012, Lochner, 2011, Siedler, 2010, Piopiunik und Wößmann, 2014.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fiskalische und individuelle Bildungsrenditen – aktuelle Befunde für Deutschland

Pfeiffer

Stichnoth

2015

Perspektiven Der Wirtschaftspolitik

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Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar.Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW. Fiskalische und individuelle Bildungsrenditen -aktuelle Befunde für DeutschlandFriedhelm Pfeiffer* und Holger Stichnoth**

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Schooling and Citizenship in a Young Democracy: Evidence from Postwar Germany

Cited by 82 publications

References 30 publications

The Long-Term Direct and External Effects of Jewish Expulsions in Nazi Germany

The Long-Term Direct and External Effects of Jewish Expulsions in Nazi Germany

Length of compulsory education and voter turnout—evidence from a staged reform

Fiskalische und individuelle Bildungsrenditen – aktuelle Befunde für Deutschland

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