“…In the literature, affection-themed SEIM has been characterized by its non-degrading and non-violent nature and its focus on affectionate sexual acts (Bridges, Wosnitzer, Scharrer, Sun, & Liberman, 2010;Check & Guloien, 1989;Crooks & Baur, 2002;Donnerstein & Berkowitz, 1981). Studies have found that affectionate sexual acts, such as kissing during sexual activities (Gorman, Monk-Turner, & Fish, 2010;Vannier, Currie, & O'Sullivan, 2014), occurred in respectively 40-50% of sexually explicit material (SEM). Scholars have emphasized that affection-themed SEM can especially be found on pornographic websites targeting a female audience (Ogas & Gaddam, 2011).…”