Schoolchildren's inland water transport adoption barriers in Tanzania: Health belief model application

Education for sustainable development in rural communities: Parents' perceptions of children's willingness‐to‐study and learning difficulties associated with school transport in Ukerewe Island, Tanzania

“…The HBM (Rosenstock, 1966, 1974) hinges on seven constructs that form the variables applied in this study. So far, the HBM has exclusively been used in only two water transport studies (Tengecha et al, 2022; Yuen et al, 2020). However, none of these studies investigated WTS in line with the SDGs as this study seeks to do.…”

“…Thus, there is little contribution to educational policy. In Tanzania, which is the focus of this study, the transportation barriers for rural schoolchildren were investigated (Tengecha et al, 2022). However, the extent to which the identified barriers affect WTS and learning difficulties was excluded.…”

“…This study addresses these gaps by selecting a specific community where schoolchildren have been identified to have transportation barriers and unsafe journeys to school (Tengecha et al, 2022). It also used the HBM concept to comprehensively understand how underlining social barriers affect WTS.…”

“…Schoolchildren in Tanzania (East Africa) are among the most vulnerable drowning victims (Whitworth et al, 2019). A study on Ukerewe Island in Tanzania identified several transport barriers for schoolchildren based on parents' readiness to use the available mode of transport and the mechanisms involved in ensuring the safety of children (Tengecha et al, 2022). It remains unclear how the mode of transport and parents' strategies for providing access and improving safety to schools influence the willingness-to-study (WTS) and the children's learning difficulties.…”

“…However, schoolchildren living in the rural communities of sub‐Saharan Africa do not get equal access to education and quality transport as their counterparts in large cities and high‐income countries. A recent study in the rural islands has shown that schoolchildren ride canoes to school as the only transport mode and walk several kilometers to access education services (Tengecha et al, 2022). Risk exposures associated with that mode of transport to and from school contribute to child fatalities, drowning, physical, and mental health vulnerabilities, and increased school drop‐outs (CGTN Africa, 2021; Gruman et al, 2008; Mitra, 2013; Simpson & Fowler, 1994; South et al, 2007).…”