School site and the potential to walk to school: The impact of street connectivity and traffic exposure in school neighborhoods

Giles-Corti, Billie; Wood, Georgina; Pikora, Terri; Learnihan, Vincent; Bulsara, Max; Niel, Kimberly Van; Timperio, Anna; McCormack, Gavin R.; Villanueva, Karen

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.12.011

Cited by 244 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, findings concerning land-use and building diversity are conflicting for children's transport behavior (Larson et al, 2009). Urban design is represented by means of the street layout (Giles-Corti et al, 2011;Koohsari et al, 2016). Here, the assumption is that dense street patterns characterized by high junction densities or a large number of well-connected streets support walking and cycling by increasing route choice and accessibility (Schlossberg, Greene, Phillips, Johnson, & Parker, 2006;Helbich et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's school commuting in the Netherlands: Does it matter how urban form is incorporated in mode choice models?

Helbich

2016

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

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Walking and cycling to school is environmentally sustainable and increases children's physical activity. Although it is known that the built environment influences children's travel behavior, there is scant knowledge of how urban form along children's commuting routes affects walking and cycling separately, or of how to incorporate urban form exposures in transport mode choice models. This research investigated (a) the associations between children's transport mode choice and urban form correlates en route, and (b) the consequences of different urban form operationalizations (i.e., individual variables, composite measure, and principal components [PCs]). Global Positioning System devices were used to track 623 trips to and from school made by Dutch children aged 6-11 years. Urban form exposures were derived with geographic information systems, and their relationships with mode choice were tested with mixed multinomial logit models in a cross-sectional research design. Differences between the number of associated urban form variables, their magnitudes, and their significance levels were found for both walking and cycling, independent of the operationalization. Urban form was most influential for walking, whereas distance-related effects were absorbed when modeled as PCs. The highest model fit was achieved through PCs; the composite measure resulted in the lowest fit. To maximize the effectiveness of planning and health interventions, walking and cycling must be targeted separately. Policymakers should avoid "one-fits-all policies," which are deemed to be inefficient. Because urban form affects model interpretation and fit, careful attention should be paid to how urban form is modeled, and sensitivity analyses should be performed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's school commuting in the Netherlands: Does it matter how urban form is incorporated in mode choice models?

Helbich

2016

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

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“…With regard to children's mobility, a neighborhood with smaller blocks may enable walking and cycling by bringing more "eyes on street" and thus producing a sense of pedestrian safety (McMillan 2007;Mitra 2013). Similarly, a high density of four-way intersections in the TAZ of residence, which is typically representative of a higher concentration of busy roads with faster traffic, reduced the odds of AST in 1986 (OR = 0.90; p = 0.08) (Giles Corti et al 2011;Mitra and Buliung 2012;Schlossberg et al 2006). In contrast, the correlation between neighborhood built environment and AST was rather weak in 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and Present of Active School Transportation: An Exploration of the Built Environment Effects in Toronto, Canada from 1986 to 2006

Mitra

Papaioannou

Habib

2015

JTLU

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Abstract:The health benefits of walking and cycling to and from school, also called active school transportation (AST), are well documented. In the context of a declining trend in AST across the Western world, this paper examines school-travel behavior of 11-year-old children in Toronto, using multiple cross-sectional data from 1986, 1996, and 2006 Transportation Tomorrow Surveys. Results from binomial logit models suggest that school-travel distance and neighborhood built environment indeed explain some variation in the odds of AST between 1986 and 2006, and that the correlates of AST may have changed over time. Higher neighborhood block density correlated with walking/cycling in 1986. In contrast, household automobile ownership was negatively associated with AST in 2006; the effect of the built environment was relatively weak for that year. In addition, fewer children walked/cycled in 2006 compared to 1986, even when distance to school was short (<0.8 kilometers). Policy and programs should recognize the potentially changing role of travel distance to school and automobile ownership on a child's school travel outcome. Interventions in neighborhoods with high automobile ownership should specifically focus on education and encouragement to increase AST rates.

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“…• Opinião dos gestores sobre a habilidade das crianças para caminharem até a escola (YARLAGADDA; SRINIVASAN, 2008;RODRIGUEZ;VOGT, 2009;SERAJ et al, 2011, JORGE;MARTINS, 2013;STONE et al, 2014) • Percepção das barreiras existentes no entorno das escolas que podem dificultar o acesso a pé (McMILLAN, 2007;DE VRIES et al, 2007;YEUNG;WEARING;HILLS, 2008;BEJLERI et al, 2010;GILES-CORTI et al, 2011;STEWART;MOUDON;CLAYBROOKE, 2012;FAULKNER, 2013).…”

Section: -Fatores Que Podem Influenciar Na Percepção Dos Gestoresunclassified

“…Há crescente evidência de que as crianças que têm comportamento mais ativo possuem melhores condições físicas e psicossociais (SHAW et al, 2015). Além disso, as crianças que vão a pé ou de bicicleta para a escola tendem a ser mais ativas em comparação com as crianças que fazem a viagem de automóvel, isso porque, crianças que utilizam modos ativos em suas viagens para escola tendem a utilizá-los também em suas outras viagens (GARRARD, 2011, HUME et al, 2010PANTER et al, 2010).…”

Section: -Introduçãounclassified

Percepção dos gestores escolares sobre a utilização da caminhada para acesso à escola

Onishi¹,

Sanches²

2016

Cieng

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RESUMOO número de crianças que caminha para a escola tem diminuído a cada ano no Brasil. Políticas e programas desenvolvidos nas escolas podem desempenhar papel importante na reversão desta tendência, incentivando o transporte ativo. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever pesquisa realizada com gestores escolares para identificar qual a percepção dos gestores com relação à caminhada de crianças para a escola. O foco da pesquisa foram escolas de ensino fundamental, localizadas em uma cidade brasileira de porte médio. Observa-se que os gestores têm percepção positiva sobre a importância da atividade física (mais de 90%). Os resultados confirmam que não há consenso sobre a melhor idade e as habilidades das crianças para tomar decisões seguras sozinhas. Cerca da metade (49%) dos gestores tem opinião positiva sobre a qualidade do ambiente no entorno das escolas. Pouco mais da metade dos gestores (56%) são indiferentes com relação às viagens de ônibus, e apenas cerca de um terço deles (31%) são favoráveis ao uso. Verificou-se que mais da metade dos gestores (68%) são favoráveis à caminhada e que quase um terço deles (31%) é indiferente. A grande maioria dos gestores (86%) é preocupada com o impacto do tráfego no meio ambiente. Palavras-chave: Transporte não motorizado, modos ativos de transporte, transporte escolar. ABSTRACTThe number of children who walk to school has been decreasing every year. Policies and programs developed in schools can play an important role in reversing this trend by encouraging active transport. The purpose of this article is to describe research conducted with school administrators to identify the perception of managers regarding the children walk to school. The focus of the research was on primary schools, located in a Brazilian medium-sized city. It is observed that managers have a positive perception of the importance of physical activity (over 90%). The results confirm that there is no consensus about the best age and children skills to make safe decisions. About half (49%) of managers has a positive opinion about the quality of the environment around the schools. Just over half of managers (56%) are indifferent with respect to bus travel, and only about a third of them (31%) favor the use. It was found that more than half of managers (68%) are in favor of walking and that nearly a third of them (31%) are indifferent. The vast majority of managers (86%) is concerned about the impact of traffic on the environment.

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School site and the potential to walk to school: The impact of street connectivity and traffic exposure in school neighborhoods

Cited by 244 publications

References 39 publications

Children's school commuting in the Netherlands: Does it matter how urban form is incorporated in mode choice models?

Children's school commuting in the Netherlands: Does it matter how urban form is incorporated in mode choice models?

Past and Present of Active School Transportation: An Exploration of the Built Environment Effects in Toronto, Canada from 1986 to 2006

Percepção dos gestores escolares sobre a utilização da caminhada para acesso à escola

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