School shootings during 2013–2015 in the USA

Kalesan, Bindu; Lagast, Kinan; Villarreal, Marcos D.; Pino, Elizabeth C; Fagan, Jeffrey; Galea, Sandro

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042162

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…50 In the 3 y that followed, there were 154 school shootings with an increase from 35 incidents in 2013 to 64 incidents in 2015. 7 These data indicate that school shootings, although considered rare, are occurring with increasing frequency in US schools exposing children and teenagers to unacceptably high degrees of danger at schools. School shootings have been found to occur with a higher likelihood shortly after a similar incident suggesting a contagion effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Recent data are inconclusive but suggest that suicide rates are rising. [7][8][9] Because specific gun violence prevention strategies tend to be more beneficial to certain age groups more than others, [10][11][12] it is plausible that the temporal patterns in firearm injuries may vary between pediatric and adult victims as well as across intents of injury. Therefore, although it is important to evaluate the trends in the numbers of gun violence victims in the general population, it is beneficial to characterize the pediatric component of these injuries to assess the relative patterns of gun violence in this age group and better understand the pediatric burden of gun violence in the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in Firearm Injuries Among Children and Teenagers in the United States

Olufajo

Zeineddin

Nonez

et al. 2020

Journal of Surgical Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Firearm Injuries Among Children and Teenagers in the United States

Olufajo

Zeineddin

Nonez

et al. 2020

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…Despite these statistics, gun carrying among adolescents often gains public attention and concern via school shootings. Between 2013 and 2015, there was an almost two-fold increase in school shootings in the United States (Kalesan et al, 2017 ). Social workers may play an important role in early identification and intervention of potentially violent situations, risk assessments of students who are more likely to perpetrate gun violence, and crisis intervention (Johnson & Barsky, 2020 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Sexual Orientation Bullying Victimization are Associated with Gun Carrying Among Adolescent Boys

Ganson

2020

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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Gun carrying and bullying victimization are associated among adolescent boys, however the type of the bullying remains relatively unknown. This study aimed to identify whether experiencing bullying victimization based on gender and sexual orientation is associated with carrying a gun to school among adolescent boys. A cross-sectional analysis among a representative sample of high school boys (n = 3672) from the 2015 Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey was conducted. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using logistic regression analyses while controlling for grade level, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, suicidal ideation, alcohol and marijuana use, and gun access. Among the sample, 3.3% reported carrying a gun to school at least one time in the previous 12-months, 9.5% reported experiencing gender-based bullying victimization, and 7% reported experiencing sexual orientation-based bullying victimization. Regression analyses indicated that adolescent boys who experienced gender-based bullying victimization (OR 3.40, 95% CI 1.64, 5.62, p < .001) or sexual orientation-based bullying victimization (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.91, 6.67, p < .001) had greater odds of reporting they carried a gun to school while controlling for grade level, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, suicidal ideation, alcohol and marijuana use, and gun access. These results expand upon previous gun carrying and bullying research by identifying the specific type of the bullying experienced and have important implications for social workers and school personnel. Importantly, these results emphasize the need to address two of the Grand Challenges for Social Work: building healthy relationships to end violence and ensuring the healthy development for all youth.

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“…Shootings in school settings have brought substantial media and public attention to this urgent issue. Although school shootings have been characterized as "extremely rare" [2], increased frequency in recent years is resulting in both injuries and fatalities [3,4] as well as trauma [5,6] among U.S. children and adolescents. Research has yet to examine associations between characteristics of schools, shooters, or guns used in these school shootings and injury and fatality outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Descriptive Analysis of School and School Shooter Characteristics and the Severity of School Shootings in the United States, 1999–2018

Livingston

Rossheim

Hall

2019

Journal of Adolescent Health

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A B S T R A C TPurpose: The aim of the study was to determine whether characteristics related to the school, shooter, and guns used are associated with school shooting severity (casualty rates, fatality rates, and likelihood of fatality). Methods: We analyzed associations between individual-, school-, gun-level factors and school shooting severity in the United States from April 1999 through May 2018. Results: Handguns were used in most school shootings (81%); however, substantially, more fatalities occurred when rifles (relative risk [RR] ¼14.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] [5.00, 43.41]) or shotguns (RR ¼ 8.84, 95% CI [2.20, 35.54]) were used. Fatal shootings were more likely to happen in schools that were majority white, taught younger students, and were rural or suburban. When shooters were aged 20 years, shootings were more likely to be fatal (RR ¼ 2.44, 95% CI [1.18, 5.07]), have more casualties (RR ¼ 5.15, 95% CI [2.06, 12.90]), and more deaths (RR ¼ 20.13, 95% CI [4.86, 83.28]). No significant differences were observed based on the presence of resource officers. Conclusions: More severe shootings were associated with shooters who were older and therefore unlikely to be students, whereas the presence of a school resource officer was unassociated with any reduction in school shooting severity. Importantly, the type of gun used was strongly associated with casualties and fatalities. Study findings suggest a need for prevention efforts beyond those commonly used in schools, as well as the need for improved laws.

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School shootings during 2013–2015 in the USA

Abstract: School shootings are less likely in states with BC laws, higher MHE and KEE, and with greater per cent urban population.

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Trends in Firearm Injuries Among Children and Teenagers in the United States

Trends in Firearm Injuries Among Children and Teenagers in the United States

Gender and Sexual Orientation Bullying Victimization are Associated with Gun Carrying Among Adolescent Boys

A Descriptive Analysis of School and School Shooter Characteristics and the Severity of School Shootings in the United States, 1999–2018

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