School Practices to Foster LGBT-Supportive Climate: Associations with Adolescent Bullying Involvement

Gower, Amy L.; Forster, Myriam; Gloppen, Kari M.; Johnson, Anna D.; Eisenberg, Marla E.; Connett, John E.; Borowsky, Iris Wagman

doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0847-4

Cited by 71 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For example, school nurses can promote antibullying policies and clubs such as Gay-Straight Alliances to improve school climate. 31,32 School nurses can assist adolescents by providing resources and information about gender identity and expression. When appropriate, school nurses can also discuss with parents of self-disclosing adolescents who are seeking support that family support is protective and rejection is potentially detrimental to health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Care Utilization of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth: A Population-Based Study

Rider¹,

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Care Utilization of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth: A Population-Based Study

Rider¹,

et al. 2018

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“…Emerging adulthood involves identity exploration regarding romantic relationships; for SM young adults, the sexual identity formation process may involve confusion, fear, repression, or self-stigma which may elevate risk for substance use during this developmental period (Greene and Britton, 2012). Another contributing factor may be individual-level discrimination and bullying, which is still routinely experienced by SM youth and young adults (Gayles and Garofalo, 2012; Gower et al, 2017; Hatzenbuehler et al, 2015). Lack of family support may also be a salient risk factor, as SM youth report lower levels of parental closeness and higher rates of abuse and homelessness compared to heterosexual youth (Friedman et al, 2011; Pearson and Wilkinson, 2013; Rice et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities in substance use behaviors and disorders among adult sexual minorities by age, gender, and sexual identity

Schuler

Exten

Evans-Polce

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

177

121

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Background: Sexual minorities (SMs) experience elevated rates of substance use behaviors and disorders relative to heterosexuals; minority stress is theorized to contribute to these disparities. As SMs are not a homogenous group, analyses that aggregate SMs across sexual identity, age, or gender obscure important variation among this population. To date, age- and gender-specific disparities have not been rigorously examined using a large national sample. Methods: Using data on 67,354 adults (ages 18–49) from the 2015 and 2016 National Survey of Drug Use and Health we examined age- and gender-specific disparities in smoking, heavy episodic drinking, marijuana use, illicit drug use, and alcohol/substance use disorder. Age groups were ages 18–25, 26–34, and 35–49. Using logistic regression, we estimated age- and gender-specific odds ratios for gay/lesbian and bisexual individuals, relative to heterosexuals; analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics. Results: Bisexual women had significantly elevated odds of all outcomes at all ages, relative to heterosexual women. Gay/lesbian individuals had significantly elevated odds for nearly all outcomes compared to same-gender heterosexuals at ages 18–25, but not consistently at older ages. For bisexual men, significant disparities compared to heterosexual men were only observed at ages 35–49 for marijuana use and alcohol/substance use disorder. Conclusions: We find notable within-group differences regarding SM disparities. While disparities were most pronounced in young adulthood for gay/lesbian individuals and mid-adulthood for bisexual men, bisexual women uniquely experienced disparities across all ages. Minority stress experiences may vary with respect to gender, age/cohort, and sexual identity, resulting in differential risk for substance use.

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“…There is already evidence that the school environment can be changed to reduce minority stress for gay and lesbian youth. 40 It is important, however, to avoid a simplistic focus on bullying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood in sexual minorities compared with heterosexuals in the UK: a population-based cohort study

Irish

Solmi

Mars

et al. 2019

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

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Background: There are few population-based cohort studies of the emergence, development, and persistence of mental health problems in sexual minorities compared to heterosexuals.We compared trajectories of depressive symptoms from 10 to 21 years of age in sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents, and examined self-harm at ages 16 and 21. Methods:The study included 4828 adolescents from the ALSPAC birth cohort (Bristol, UK) who reported their sexual orientation at age 16. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (sMFQ) at seven time-points between ages 10 and 21. A self-harm questionnaire was completed at ages 16 and 21. Analyses were linear multilevel models with growth curves (depressive symptoms), logistic multilevel models (self-harm in the past year at ages 16 and 21) and multinomial regression (lifetime self-harm with and without suicidal intent at age 21). Findings:In sexual minorities, depressive symptoms were higher at age 10 and increased to a larger extent compared to heterosexuals. In heterosexuals, depressive symptoms increased by 0.31 sMFQ points at each time-point (95% CI 0.27 to 0.34) and in sexual minorities by 0.49 sMFQ points (95% CI 0.40 to 0.59). Sexual minority adolescents were more likely to report self-harm in the past year at ages 16 and 21 (adjusted odds ratio 4.23, 95% CI 2.90 to 6.16), with no evidence that this estimate reduced with age (p=0.798). At 21, sexual minorities were 4.53 (95% CI 3.02 to 6.78) times more likely to report previous self-harm with suicidal intent.

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School Practices to Foster LGBT-Supportive Climate: Associations with Adolescent Bullying Involvement

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Health and Care Utilization of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth: A Population-Based Study

Health and Care Utilization of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth: A Population-Based Study

Disparities in substance use behaviors and disorders among adult sexual minorities by age, gender, and sexual identity

Depression and self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood in sexual minorities compared with heterosexuals in the UK: a population-based cohort study

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