School-based health: an area of opportunity to address challenges in management of pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Purpose of review Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are increasingly common, chronic, and complex and disproportionally affect systemically under-resourced communities negatively impacted by social determinants of health. The primary goals of management for both conditions are improvement of medical and psychosocial well being and prevention of secondary complications. The advent of pediatric specific multidisciplinary weight management programs, bariatric surgery, and recent FDA approved medications have provided clinicians with tools to improve patient outcomes. However, implementation remains a challenge. Recent findings The Chronic Care Model proposes utilization of community-based interventions to support children and families in managing chronic disease The CDC's Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model provides a framework for schools to engage in this role. School-Based Health Centers (SBHCs) utilize a child-focused, multidisciplinary approach to support the medical home and overcome barriers to routine primary care, medical screenings and successful care plans for management of chronic disease. SBHCs and school-based programs have proven sustainable and effective in addressing obesity and T2D in youth, however recent studies are limited and more research evaluating impact are needed. Summary School-based health offers an evidence-based solution to ensuring equitable and comprehensive care for obesity and T2D, particularly among at-risk communities.